Interview with N. Bloembergen

Abstract

The elastic and inelastic differential cross sections for electron-potassium scattering have been measured in a crossed-beam experiment in the energy range 2 to 3.2eV and for scattering angles from 20" to 140". In the elastic channel three resonances have been observed at 2.4 eV, 2.6 eV a n d 2.68 eV and were found to be S, D and P (or F) states respectively. The lifetime of the D resonance was estimated to be 1.0 x 10-l4 s 20%. In the excitation function of the 42P channel at least one resonance has been observed, the shape of which appears to be overlapped by threshold effects at 2.6eV.

Gadolinium DTPA‐Monoamide Complexes Incorporated into Mixed Micelles as Possible MRI Contrast Agents

“…1 H NMRD data were fitted according to the theoretical inner-sphere model described by Solomon [28] and Bloembergen [29] and to the outer-sphere contribution described by Freed. [30] Calculations were performed with a previously described software package.…”

Potential MRI Contrast Agents Based on Micellar Incorporation of Amphiphilic Bis(alkylamide) Derivatives of [(Gd−DTPA)(H2O)]2−

“…All samples were diluted 10 times and the temperature was maintained at 37°C. 1 H NMRD data were fitted according to the theoretical inner-sphere model described by Solomon [35] and Bloembergen [36] and to the outer-sphere contribution described by Freed. [37] Calculations were performed with the aid of previously described software.…”

“…As would be expected, the inclusion of the gadolinium complexes into micelles results in an increased relaxivity relative to the parent complex GdϪDTPA and in a maximum at high magnetic fields, induced on the one hand by the decreased rotational mobility of the paramagnetic complex and on the other hand by the increase in the electronic longitudinal relax- . NMRD profile of micellar GdϪDTPA-BC14 (circles), GdϪDTPA-BC16 (triangles up) and GdϪDTPA-BC18 (squares) at 37°C; the NMRD profile of GdϪDTPA (triangles down) has been added for comparison [47]  The data were analysed by use of the classical inner sphere [35,36] and outer sphere [37] theories. The distance of closest approach was set to 0.36 nm, the relative diffusion constant was fixed to 2.93 10 Ϫ9 m 2 s…”

A model for MRI contrast enhancement using T 1 agents

“…In complexes such a Gd-DTPA, at high magnetic field strengths, the relaxivity can be modulated by altering the rotational degrees of freedom [parameterized by the correlation time R (14)(15)(16)]. Reduction of R through reversible macromolecular binding, for example, is effective in increasing relaxivity (3)(4)(5).…”