Intervertebral disc disease in dogs – Part 2: Comparison of clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological findings in 74 surgically treated dogs

Kranenburg, Hendrik-Jan C.; Grinwis, Guy C. M.; Bergknut, Niklas; Gahrmann, Ninke; Voorhout, George; Hazewinkel, H. A. W.; Meij, Björn P.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.001

Cited by 63 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Como demonstrado anteriormente, os segmentos da medula espinhal mais afetados foram T3-L3 (489 cães, [41,3%]) e C1-C5 (160 cães [13,5%] (Kranenburg et al 2013, Smolders et al 2013. Neste estudo verificou-se que todos os casos de DDIV foram encontrados em cães com mais de 24 meses.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Doenças neurológicas em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS: 1.184 casos (2006-2013)

et al. 2014

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(10):996-1001, outubro 2014 RESUMO.-Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de cães atendidos no Serviço de Neurologia (SN) do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), de 2006 a 2013, com o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar a idade, a raça, o sexo e as doenças neuroló-gicas e classificá-las de acordo com a região anatômica e o acrônimo DINAMIT-V. Foram avaliadas 1.277 fichas neurológicas de cães e obtidas as informações para inclusão no estudo em 1.184 delas, sendo o diagnóstico confirmado em 525 cães (44,4%) e presuntivo em 659 (55,6%). A raça mais frequente foi Dachshund (28,7%), seguida dos cães sem raça definida. Os locais mais afetados foram medula espinhal entre T3-L3 (40,9%) e tálamo-córtex (17,5%). A maioria dos cães foi diagnosticada com doença degenerativa (49%), sendo a doença do disco intervertebral a mais observada, seguida das doenças inflamatórias/infecciosas (16,6%). Pode se concluir que a maior prevalência das doenças neurológicas de cães envolve a medula espinhal e o tálamo-córtex, sendo as degenerativas as mais frequentes e os dados obtidos with the objective to identify and characterize age, breed, sex and to neurological diseases, and classify them accordingly to the anatomical region and DINAMIT-V acronym. There were evaluated 1,277 neurological records of dogs and obtained the information for inclusion in the study in 1,184 of them being the diagnosis confirmed in 525 (44.4%) and presumptive in 659 dogs (55.6%). The most common breed was Dachshund (28.7%), followed by mixed breed. The most affected sites were the spinal cord between T3-L3 (40.9%) and thalamus-cortex (17.5%). Most dogs were diagnosed with degenerative disorders (49%), being intervertebral disk disease the most observed, followed by inflammatory/infectious diseases (16.6%). It can be concluded that the higher prevalence of neurological disorders in dogs involve the spinal cord and thalamus-cortex, with the most frequent being degenerative and the data obtained may assist future studies associated with frequency and distribution of the main neurological diseases in dogs.INDEX TERMS: Neurology, neurological diseases, neuroanatomical localization, dogs.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Doenças neurológicas em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS: 1.184 casos (2006-2013)

et al. 2014

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“…It is thus still questionable if there are significant histopathological differences between the IVDs of CD and NCD dogs during the process of degeneration. A recent study by Kranenburg et al (2013) on the histopathological appearance of surgically removed IVD tissue, showed only notochordal cells and chondrocyte-like cells and no presence of fibrocyte-like cells in the NP of CD nor in NCD dogs with varying degrees of degeneration, except in cases with the presence of granulation tissue. An other study on sagitally transected spines from both dog types, came to the same conclusion (Bergknut et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Histopathology In Chondrodystrophic and Non-chondrodystrophimentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, recent studies have shown that degeneration of IVDs in NCD breeds involves replacement of the notochordal cells with chondrocyte-like cells, i.e. that the changes are similar to those taking place in the CD breeds (Bergknut et al, 2013a, Bergknut et al, 2012b, Kranenburg et al, 2013. This conflicts with Hansen's thesis of a fibrous type of metaplasia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However IVD degeneration is also highly associated with diseases like cervical and thoracolumbar IVD herniation, DLSS and CSM (Hansen, 1952, Meij and Bergknut, 2010, Burbidge, 1994, Bergknut et al, 2012a, da Costa et al, 2006. All these diseases involve IVD compression of neural tissue, which may lead to clinical signs of disease like gait abnormalities, postural deficits, pain, paresis, paralysis and lameness (Kranenburg et al, 2013, Brisson, 2010, Burbidge, 1994, Sharp, 2005.…”

Section: Function Of the Intervertebral Discmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Myth of Fibroid Degeneration in the Canine Intervertebral Disc: A Histopathological Comparison of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Chondrodystrophic and Nonchondrodystrophic Dogs

et al. 2017

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The myth of fibroid degeneration in the canine intervertebral disc -A histopathological comparison of disc degeneration in chondrodystrophic and nonchondrodystrophic dogs Myten om fibroid degeneration i hundens intervertebraldiskerEn histopatologisk jämförelse av diskdegeneration mellan chondrodystrofa och icke chondrodystrofa hundar Tove Hansen Supervisor: Niklas Bergknut, Department of Clinical Sciences Examiner: Ragnvi Hagman, Department of Clinical Sciences Degree Project in Veterinary Medicine SUMMARYIn the 1950's, the veterinary pathologist, Hans-Jörgen Hansen noticed several dissimilarities between so called chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic dog breeds regarding intervertebral disc degeneration and related diseases. Chondrodystrophic breeds are characterized by disproportionally short extremities due to disturbances in the endochondral ossification whereas non-chondrodystrophic breeds have normal bodily constitutions. The two breed types often differ regarding age of onset of disease, spinal location and severity of clinical signs. He also noted different histopathological patterns during the course of degeneration, foremost in the centre of the intervertebral disc, the nucleus pulposus. Due to this, he named the degenerative processes chondroid metamorphosis and fibroid metamorphosis in chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic breeds respectively. In general, chondroid metamorphosis refers to the replacement of the original cell type (the notochordal cell) with chondrocyte-like cells, whereas the fibroid metamorphosis refers to replacement of these cells with fibrocyte-like cells. This distinction has since then been an accepted distinction between the two breed types. However, more recent studies indicate that the histopathological patterns are more similar in the two breed types than previously described, and that the chondroid metamorphosis might be the degenerative process taking place in both breed types.In this study the histopathological appearances of 42 intervertebral discs from 16 chondrodystrophic and 17 non-chondrodystrophic dogs in early stage intervertebral disc degeneration were examined. After midsagittal transection of the spines, the intervertebral discs were graded macroscopically between one and three on a five-grade scale (the Thompson grading scheme). Subsequently, each intervertebral disc was individually fixated in formalin and decalcified in EDTA. After decalcification, the intervertebral discs were embedded in paraffin, sliced with a microtome and stained with Hematoxilin and Eosin and Alcian Blue/Picrosirius Red. The histological samples were thereafter graded according to a histological grading scheme (the Boos grading scheme) after which the histological scores were compared between chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic dogs.The results showed that there was a significant difference in total histological scores between chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic dogs in the two lowest macroscopical grades of degeneration. Chondrodystrophic dogs had a highe...

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“…Em cães condrodistróficos, a extrusão do disco é 11,3 vezes mais frequente que a protrusão, enquanto que nos pacientes não condrodistróficos, a extrusão é 1,5 vezes menos frequente que a protrusão (KRANENBURG et al, 2013). A presença do ligamento intercapital entre as costelas fornece um suporte adicional ao ligamento longitudinal dorsal, sendo a incidência de herniação de disco na região torácica cranial extremante baixa, entretanto em três cães Pastor Alemão diagnosticou-se protrusão anular entre as vértebras T2-T3 (GAITERO; AÑOR, 2009).…”

Section: Hansen Tipo IIunclassified

Doença do disco intervertebral Hansen tipo II em cães: fisiopatologia, abordagem clínico-cirúrgica e controvérsias

et al. 2014

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ResumoA protrusão do disco intervertebral pode provocar compressão progressiva crônica da medula espinhal e os sinais neurológicos associados variam de acordo com a localização anatômica, duração e força dinâmica da compressão. A doença do disco tipo II não é totalmente compreendida, havendo muitas controvérsias sobre seu significado clínico e melhor forma de tratamento. O aspecto mais importante do tratamento conservador refere-se ao repouso associado à fisioterapia e exercícios leves, além de uso de corticoesteróides para diminuir o edema vasogênico. A descompressão medular por meio de cirurgia para remoção de material do disco do interior do canal medular é o tratamento cirúrgico de eleição na doença do disco tipo I, mas apresenta limitações quanto à técnica e ao resultado na doença do disco do tipo II. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar a fisiopatologia e o tratamento da doença do disco intervertebral crônica e discutir as controvérsias existentes no tratamento médico bem como o uso de técnicas cirúrgicas tradicionais e novas técnicas. Palavras-chave: Degeneração do disco intervertebral, medula espinhal, descompressão AbstractProtrusion of the intervertebral disc can cause chronic progressive compression of the spinal cord, and the neurological associated signs vary according to anatomical location, duration and dynamic force of compression. The type II disc disease is not fully understood, and there are many controversies about is clinical significance and best form of treatment. The most important aspect of conservative treatment is rest and physiotherapy associated with mild exercise, and use of corticosteroids to reduce vasogenic edema. The spinal decompression by surgery for removal of disc material from within the medullary canal is the surgical treatment of choice in type I disc disease, but has technical limitations in the type II disc disease. The purpose of this paper is to review the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic intervertebral disc disease and discuss the controversies in medical treatment and the use of some traditional and new surgical techniques.

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Intervertebral disc disease in dogs – Part 2: Comparison of clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological findings in 74 surgically treated dogs

Cited by 63 publications

References 32 publications

Doenças neurológicas em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS: 1.184 casos (2006-2013)

Doenças neurológicas em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS: 1.184 casos (2006-2013)

The Myth of Fibroid Degeneration in the Canine Intervertebral Disc: A Histopathological Comparison of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Chondrodystrophic and Nonchondrodystrophic Dogs

Doença do disco intervertebral Hansen tipo II em cães: fisiopatologia, abordagem clínico-cirúrgica e controvérsias

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