Interventions to retard myopia progression in children

Saw, Seang‐Mei; Shih-Yen, Edwin Chan; Koh, Adrian; Tan, Donald

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00972-1

Cited by 97 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…5 Given the increasing prevalence and severity of myopia among children worldwide, a variety of interventions have been developed to retard the progression of myopia. 9,10 Most of the proposed interventions lack conclusive evidences to support their effectiveness. 10 Atropine is a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist, which is used to retard myopia progression among children in South Eastern Asia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 Most of the proposed interventions lack conclusive evidences to support their effectiveness. 10 Atropine is a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist, which is used to retard myopia progression among children in South Eastern Asia. Atropine has become part of routine eye care in Taiwan ever since the suggestion by the Taiwan Ophthalmology Association in the year 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atropine has become part of routine eye care in Taiwan ever since the suggestion by the Taiwan Ophthalmology Association in the year 2000. Although evidences from many clinical trials on the use of atropine eye drops support a statistically significant reduction in myopia progression between experimental and control groups, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] the clinical significance of the results of these trials are controversial. The routine use of atropine among children with myopia is not recommended in other countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Aside from the issue of effectiveness, some ophthalmologists are concerned about the possible longterm side effects from the use of atropine eye drops, including phototoxic effects on the retina and lens. 10 Others are concerned about near vision blurring, photophobia, and allergic reaction, 12 which could be lessened by atropine eye drops of lower concentrations. In treating myopia among children, 0.5% atropine is more effective than 0.25 and 0.1% atropine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prescription of atropine eye drops among children diagnosed with myopia in Taiwan from 2000 to 2007: a nationwide study

Yt¹,

Yj²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Eye

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Purpose This study was conducted to examine the atropine eye drop prescription trend for children diagnosed with myopia, and to determine the factors associated with the prescription of atropine eye drops. Design This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Methods This study was conducted using a national representative sample from the National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data. All school children between 4 and 18 years of age who had visited an ophthalmologist and were diagnosed with myopia between 2000 and 2007 were included herein. The main outcome measure was the proportion of subjects who were prescribed atropine eye drops in each year. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with atropine eye drops being prescribed. Results The prescription of atropine eye drops for children diagnosed with myopia increased significantly from the school years 2000 (36.9%) to 2007 (49.5%). There was also a shift from prescribing high concentrations (0.5 and 1%) of atropine eye drops to lower concentration ones (0.3, 0.25, and 0.1%) within this period. Atropine eye drops were more frequently prescribed to 9-12-year-old children (OR ¼ 1.26-1.42, compared with those 7-8 years old), and to children from families with a high socioeconomic status (OR ¼ 1.19-1.25); however, they were less prescribed to those living in mid to low urbanized areas . Conclusions This study revealed an increasing trend of atropine eye drop prescription for children with myopia in Taiwan. Our study provides eye-care professionals worldwide a reference for the potential integration of atropine eye drops into their clinical practice toward children with myopia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prescription of atropine eye drops among children diagnosed with myopia in Taiwan from 2000 to 2007: a nationwide study

Yt¹,

Yj²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Eye

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“…[3][4][5][6][7] Several treatment therapies, including rigid contact lenses, bifocal and multifocal spectacle lenses as well as pharmaceutical agents, have been used in the past with relatively modest success to eliminate or, at least, reduce myopia progression. 8,9 More recently, modern orthokeratology has claimed to be effective in slowing the progression of myopia in children. This technique is an effective treatment for the temporary reduction of up to -6.00D of myopia with the overnight use of reverse-geometry gas-permeable contact lenses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain (MCOS): Study Design and General Baseline Characteristics

Santodomingo-Rubido¹,

Villa-Collar

Gilmartin

et al. 2009

Journal of Optometry

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PURPOSE:Although previous studies suggest that orthokeratology contact lens wear slows eye growth in children with progressing myopia, some limitations in the methodology employed have become evident. Furthermore, the safety of this modality of visual correction has not been assessed. The study "Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain" (MCOS) is being conducted to compare axial length growth between white European myopic children wearing orthokeratology contact lenses (OK) and wearing distance single-vision spectacles (SV). Additionally, the incidence of adverse events and discontinuations is also recorded. We outline the methodology and baseline data adopted. METHODS: Subjects aged 6 to 12, with myopia ranging from 0.75 to 4.00 D and astigmatism ≤1.00 D were prospectively allocated OK or SV correction. Measurements of axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal topography, cycloplegic autorefraction, visual acuity and corneal staining are performed at 6-month intervals. The incidence of adverse events and discontinuations are also recorded. RESULTS: Thirty one children were fitted with OK and 31 with SV correction. Eight subjects did not meet the refraction-related inclusion criteria for enrollment. No significant differences were found in baseline mean age and refractive and biometric data between the two groups (P>0.05). No adverse events were found in any of the two groups at baseline. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, MCOS is the first prospective clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of orthokeratology contact lens wear to slow myopia progression vs. single-vision spectacle wear. The MCOS offers a number of notable features: prospective design; well-matched samples and high-resolution ocular biometry measures, which should collectively elucidate whether orthokeratology contact lens wear is a feasible and safe method for myopia-progression control. (J Optom 2009;2:215-222 ©2009 Spanish Council of Optometry) KEY WORDS: myopia control; orthokeratology; axial length; myopia progression; eye elongation. RESUMEN OBJETIVO:A pesar de que estudios previos sugieren que el uso de lentes de contacto para ortoqueratología ralentizan el crecimiento ocular en niños con miopía progresiva, ha quedado de manifiesto algunas limitaciones en la metodología empleada en dichos estudios. Además, hasta la fecha no se ha evaluado la seguridad de esta modalidad de corrección visual. El estudio "Control de la miopía con lentes de contacto para ortoqueratología en España" (MCOS, según sus siglas en inglés) se está llevando a cabo para evaluar el aumento de la longitud axial ocular en niños miopes europeos de raza blanca, usuarios de lentes de contacto de ortoqueratología frente a usuarios de gafas monofocales. Además, también se está evaluando la incidencia de reacciones adversas y abandonos. En este artículo explicamos la metodología empleada, así como los datos iniciales del estudio. MÉTODOS: Se asignó de manera prospectiva corrección OK o SV a sujetos de entre 6 y 12 años de edad, con ...

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Highly Precise Eye Length Measurements in Children Aged 3 Through 12 Years

Quinn

Francis²,

Nipper³

et al. 2003

Arch Ophthalmol

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To determine the feasibility, reliability, and validity of using partial coherence interferometry, a noncontact method that detects interference patterns from various layers of the eye, to measure axial length in young children. Methods: The right eye of 64 subjects (mean age, 8.4 y; age range, 3.4-12.9 y; best-corrected visual acuity Ն20/ 30) was measured. Subjects fixated monocularly on the collimated light pattern from a laser diode (the alignment beam) and the operator used a video monitor to align the corneal reflection in the optical path. Axial length was measured during an 0.8-second scan using interference patterns from a collimated short coherence superluminescence diode aligned coaxially with the laser diode. Five series of 16 readings each were obtained. The average axial length for each of the 5 series of readings was calculated. Main Outcome Measure: Axial length. Results: Within-subject precision of axial length measurements was high, with an overall SE of measurement of 8 µm for individual subjects across the 5 sessions (95% confidence interval, ±16 µm). Subgroup analysis showed that sex, age, spherical equivalent, and refractive error exerted statistically significant effects on precision, but all of the differences among subgroups were 3 µm or less and likely to be insignificant clinically. Axial length measured by partial coherence interferometry varied systematically, with factors known to influence eye length (ie, age and refractive error), further validating the measurement method. Conclusion: The partial coherence interferometry technique provides reproducible, extraordinarily precise eye length measurements in young children and should enable novel approaches to study eye growth and refractive development.

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Interventions to retard myopia progression in children

Cited by 97 publications

References 31 publications

Prescription of atropine eye drops among children diagnosed with myopia in Taiwan from 2000 to 2007: a nationwide study

Prescription of atropine eye drops among children diagnosed with myopia in Taiwan from 2000 to 2007: a nationwide study

Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain (MCOS): Study Design and General Baseline Characteristics

Highly Precise Eye Length Measurements in Children Aged 3 Through 12 Years

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