Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective To assess the effectiveness of interventions to improve the microbial quality of drinking water for preventing diarrhoea. Design Systematic review. Data sources Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group's trials register, CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, LILACS; hand searching; and correspondence with experts and relevant organisations. Study selection Randomised and quasirandomised controlled trials of interventions to improve the microbial quality of drinking water for preventing diarrhoea in adults and in children in settings with endemic disease. Data extraction Allocation concealment, blinding, losses to follow-up, type of intervention, outcome measures, and measures of effect. Pooled effect estimates were calculated within the appropriate subgroups. Data synthesis 33 reports from 21 countries documenting 42 comparisons were included. Variations in design, setting, and type and point of intervention, and variations in defining, assessing, calculating, and reporting outcomes limited the comparability of study results and pooling of results by meta-analysis. In general, interventions to improve the microbial quality of drinking water are effective in preventing diarrhoea. Effectiveness did not depend on the presence of improved water supplies or sanitation in the study setting and was not enhanced by combining the intervention with instructions on basic hygiene, a water storage vessel,

Clay Ceramic Filter for Water Treatment

“…This might be due to the high porosity of the filter elements that resulted from the higher percentage of burnout material in the composition. Ceramic water filters with relatively low porosity have good efficiency in removing microbial pollution from contaminated water sources [13]. The turbidity of the source water used for analysis was 58.00 NTU, while the turbidity removal efficiency of the filters varied from 58.62 % to 89.65 %.…”

On-plot drinking water supplies and health: A systematic review

“…Water quality has a role in transmission of diarrheal diseases that can be waterborne (Clasen et al, 2007). On-plot water access may have differential impacts on diarrheal diseases arising from multiple transmission routes and pathogens of relative infectivity (White et al, 1972;Esrey et al, 1985).…”

Cisternas para armazenamento de água de chuva e efeito na diarreia infantil: um estudo na área rural do semiárido de Minas Gerais

“…A associação da diarreia com a qualidade e/ou quantidade da água já foi evidenciada em vários estudos, nos quais foram enfatizados os benefícios das intervenções em saneamento; há relatos da redução média de 15 a 17% nos casos de diarreia decorrentes da melhoria na qualidade da água FEACHEM;HUGHES, 1985;ESREY et al, 1991;HELLER, 1997;FEWTRELL et al, 2005;CLASEN et al, 2007).…”