There are a significant number of students with disabilities in the juvenile justice system (Quinn, Rutherford, Leone, Osher, & Poirier, 2005). Researchers have found emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) to be the most commonly reported disability among these youth (Gagnon, Barber, VanLoan, & Leone, 2009). Nationally, approximately 33% of youth in the juvenile justice system are students with disabilities; of those, 47% are students with an EBD and 39% are students with learning disabilities (Quinn, Poirier, & Garfinkel, 2005). These students typically have reading abilities that are years behind their nonincarcerated peers (Krezmien, Mulcahy, & Leone, 2008). Low academic achievement, especially in reading, of youth in the juvenile justice system with and at risk for EBD is of particular concern (Mattison, 2008; Nelson, Benner, Lane, & Smith, 2004) because reading difficulties are associated with misbehavior and can lead to further negative outcomes such as recidivism (Zamora, 2005). To provide a context for implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) for youth in the juvenile justice system with EBD, we describe (a) challenges inherent in juvenile justice facilities related to providing instruction and conducting research and (b) the needs of adolescents with and at risk for EBD who struggle with reading regardless of their instructional setting. Instructional and Research Challenges in Juvenile Justice Facilities Service providers typically encounter a number of challenges when trying to implement systematic instruction and services in juvenile justice facilities (Houchins, Puckett-Patterson, Crosby, Shippen, & Jolivette, 2009). First, educators face the daunting task of teaching students placed in classes based on their level or type of crime rather than academic ability or individual needs (Krezmien & Mulcahy, 2008). Youth in the juvenile justice facilities are typically grouped into living units based on security issues. They stay with these intact groups throughout the day-including school time (Houchins et al., 2009; Krezmien & Mulcahy, 2008). Thus, classes often consist of students from different grade levels with a range of academic needs. Even if 703359B HDXXX10.