“…Empowerment is a mutual process multidimensional concept that has been defined in several disciplines, including education, politics ( Mehta & Sharma, 2014 ), social sciences ( Rubin & Babbie, 2016 ), psychology ( Jones et al, 2011 ), feminist studies ( Rodwell, 1996 ), and nursing science ( Friend & Sieloff, 2018 ; Wåhlin, 2017 ). In nursing science, the concept of empowerment has been studied from the perspectives of patients ( Ania-Gonzalez et al, 2022 ), health care professionals ( Papathanasiou et al, 2014 ), and management ( Garcia-Sierra & Fernandez-Castro, 2018 ), but less from the viewpoint of TBI patients and their FMs.…”