Interventions to Address HIV and Intimate Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Literature

Anderson, Jocelyn; Campbell, Jacquelyn C.; Farley, Jason E.

doi:10.1016/j.jana.2013.03.003

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A recent systematic review of 44 best-evidence HIV prevention interventions identified by the CDC found only five interventions that addressed IPV. 38 Another review of HIV interventions that address IPV in sub-Saharan Africa 45 identified three effective interventions that resulted in increasing condom use and HIV testing, and/or decreasing sexual partners. 46–48 No interventions included in these systematic reviews significantly reduced any type of IPV and none focused exclusively on women or girls who use drugs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the SAVA (Substance Abuse, Violence, and AIDS) Syndemic Among Women and Girls

Gilbert

Raj

Hien

et al. 2015

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

144

155

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Objectives Multiple pathways link gender-based violence (GBV) to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women and girls who use or inject drugs. The aim of this paper is to synthesize global literature that examines associations among the synergistic epidemics of substance abuse, violence and HIV/AIDS, known as the SAVA syndemic. It also aims to identify a continuum of multi-level integrated interventions that target key SAVA syndemic mechanisms. Methods We conducted a selective search strategy, prioritizing use of meta-analytic epidemiological and intervention studies that address different aspects of the SAVA syndemic among women and girls who use drugs worldwide from 2000–2015 using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Results Robust evidence from different countries suggests that GBV significantly increases the risk of HIV and other STIs among women and girls who use drugs. Multiple structural, biological and behavioral mechanisms link GBV and HIV among women and girls. Emerging research has identified a continuum of brief and extended multi-level GBV prevention and treatment interventions that may be integrated into a continuum of HIV prevention, testing, and treatment interventions to target key SAVA syndemic mechanisms among women and girls who use drugs. Conclusion There remain significant methodological and geographical gaps in epidemiological and intervention research on the SAVA syndemic, particularly in low and middle-income countries. This global review underscores the need to advance a continuum of multi-level integrated interventions that target salient mechanisms of the SAVA syndemic, especially for adolescent girls, young women and transgender women who use drugs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the SAVA (Substance Abuse, Violence, and AIDS) Syndemic Among Women and Girls

Gilbert

Raj

Hien

et al. 2015

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

144

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a survey of sexually active low-income Black and Hispanic adult men age 18–35 years, 41% reported IPV perpetration in the past year (Santana, Raj, Decker, La Marche, & Silverman, 2006). These data underscore the enormous need for programs and interventions that address partner violence and associated mental health comorbidities (Anderson, Campbell, & Farley, 2013; Bair-Merritt et al, 2014; Black, 2011; Campbell et al, 2008). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Risk of Intimate Partner Violence and Relationship Conflict Following Couple-Based HIV Prevention Counseling: Results From the Harlem River Couples Project

McMahon

Chimenti

Trabold

et al. 2015

J Interpers Violence

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Heterosexual transmission of HIV often occurs in the context of intimate sexual partnerships. There is mounting evidence that couple-based HIV prevention interventions may be more effective than individual-based interventions for promoting risk reduction within such relationships. Yet, concerns have been raised about the safety of couple-based prevention approaches, especially with regard to the risk of intimate partner violence against women. While several international studies have examined the potential for adverse consequences associated with couple-based interventions, with inconsistent results, there is little data from U.S. studies to shed light on this issue. The current study analyzed data from a randomized trial conducted in New York City with 330 heterosexual couples to examine whether participation in couple-based or relationship-focused HIV counseling and testing (HIV-CT) interventions resulted in an increased likelihood of post-intervention break-ups, relationship conflicts, or emotional, physical or sexual abuse, compared to standard individual HIV-CT. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the odds of experiencing change in partner violence from baseline to follow-up by treatment condition. A high prevalence of partner-perpetrated violence was reported by both male and female partners across treatment conditions, but there was no conclusive evidence of an increase in relationship dissolution or partner violence subsequent to participation in either the couple-based HIV-CT intervention or relationship-focused HIV-CT intervention compared to controls. Qualitative data collected from the same participants support this interpretation. HIV prevention interventions involving persons in primary sexual partnerships should be sensitive to relationship dynamics and the potential for conflict and take precautions to protect the safety of both male and female participants.

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“…Intervention studies among HIV-uninfected individuals have also received attention. Among the trauma-informed HIV primary prevention intervention literature, two recent reviews of interventions in sub-Saharan Africa have nicely summarized this body of intervention research [20, 21]. Combined, they reported on the efficacy of over a dozen prevention interventions addressing the intersection of violence and HIV, predominately focused on youth and women in sub-Saharan Africa, with studies employing various intervention approaches including community-wide, school-based, and individual-level behavioral strategies to address violence and decrease HIV sexual risk behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma-Informed HIV Prevention and Treatment

2016

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The high prevalence of trauma and its negative impact on health and health-promoting behaviors underscore the need for multi-level interventions to address trauma and its associated sequelae to improve physical and mental well-being in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected populations. Growing global awareness of the intersection of trauma and HIV has resulted in development and testing of interventions to address trauma in the context of HIV treatment and HIV prevention in the U.S. and globally. Despite increasing recognition of the widespread nature of trauma and the importance of trauma to HIV transmission around the globe, several gaps remain. Through a survey of the literature, we identified 8 studies (published in the past 5 years) describing interventions to address the effects of trauma on HIV-related outcomes. In particular, this study focused on the levels of intervention, populations the interventions were designed to benefit, and types of trauma addressed in the interventions in the context of both HIV prevention and treatment. Remarkably absent from the HIV prevention interventions reviewed were interventions designed to address violence experienced by men or transgender individuals, in the U.S. or globally. Given the pervasive nature of trauma experienced generally, but especially among individuals at heightened risk for HIV, future HIV prevention interventions universally should consider becoming trauma-informed. Widespread acknowledgement of the pervasive impact of gender-based violence on HIV outcomes among women has led to multiple calls for trauma-informed care (TIC) approaches to improve the effectiveness of HIV services for HIV infected women. TIC approaches may be relevant for and should also be tested among men and all groups with high co-occurring epidemics of HIV and trauma (e.g., men who have sex with men (MSM), transgendered populations, injection drug users, sex workers), regardless of type of trauma experience.

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Interventions to Address HIV and Intimate Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Literature

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

Targeting the SAVA (Substance Abuse, Violence, and AIDS) Syndemic Among Women and Girls

Targeting the SAVA (Substance Abuse, Violence, and AIDS) Syndemic Among Women and Girls

Risk of Intimate Partner Violence and Relationship Conflict Following Couple-Based HIV Prevention Counseling: Results From the Harlem River Couples Project

Trauma-Informed HIV Prevention and Treatment

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