Interventions for treatment of cutaneous melanoma in horses: a structured literature review

Yi, Ziwen; Yu, Gao; Ye, Feng; Zhu, Yiping; Liu, Haoqian; Li, Jing; Escobar, Hugo Murua

doi:10.1007/s11259-022-10023-8

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…While follow-up times in this study were relatively short (60 ± 17 days), these results indicate that INSPIRE may be a useful substitute for surgery in certain locations where proximity of vital structures may make surgery challenging or contraindicated. Surgical resection results in local control in approximately 93% of cases ( 80 ), however, local and distant recurrence remains a challenge ( 6 , 15 ) and multiple surgeries may be necessary to adequately address melanomas ( 7 ). Local control following INSPIRE can likely be improved by administering treatments over multiple visits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma

Fesmire,

Peal,

Ruff

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionIntegrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation (INSPIRE) is a novel tumor ablation modality that employs high voltage, alternating polarity waveforms to induce cell death in a well-defined volume while sparing the underlying tissue. This study aimed to demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of INSPIRE against spontaneous melanoma in standing, awake horses.MethodsA custom applicator and a pulse generation system were utilized in a pilot study to treat horses presenting with spontaneous melanoma. INSPIRE treatments were administered to 32 tumors across 6 horses and an additional 13 tumors were followed to act as untreated controls. Tumors were tracked over a 43–85 day period following a single INSPIRE treatment. Pulse widths of 500ns and 2000ns with voltages between 1000 V and 2000 V were investigated to determine the effect of these variables on treatment outcomes.ResultsTreatments administered at the lowest voltage (1000 V) reduced tumor volumes by 11 to 15%. Higher voltage (2000 V) treatments reduced tumor volumes by 84 to 88% and eliminated 33% and 80% of tumors when 500 ns and 2000 ns pulses were administered, respectively.DiscussionPromising results were achieved without the use of chemotherapeutics, the use of general anesthesia, or the need for surgical resection in regions which are challenging to keep sterile. This novel therapeutic approach has the potential to expand the role of pulsed electric fields in veterinary patients, especially when general anesthesia is contraindicated, and warrants future studies to demonstrate the efficacy of INSPIRE as a solid tumor treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While robust systemic responses remain elusive, locally administered chemotherapeutic ( 16 ) and immunotherapeutic ( 34 ) approaches achieve partial responses in approximately 90 and 40% of cases, respectively ( 80 ). Combinatorial approaches which include INSPIRE treatment may improve overall response rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma

Fesmire,

Peal,

Ruff

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Even when possessing histological features of malignancy, these tumors tend to present a prolonged benign behavior, distinguished by slow mass expansion, with invasion and metastasis being rarely reported [ 3 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The major clinical problem that clinicians face with equine melanocytic tumors is the massive dimensions that these tumors can acquire, which compromises a few physiological functions and the integrity of some structures due to their being typically located in sensitive areas [ 15 , 17 ]. The size and the location also impair the success of surgical excision, which is currently the most common therapy for equine melanocytic tumors [ 15 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major clinical problem that clinicians face with equine melanocytic tumors is the massive dimensions that these tumors can acquire, which compromises a few physiological functions and the integrity of some structures due to their being typically located in sensitive areas [ 15 , 17 ]. The size and the location also impair the success of surgical excision, which is currently the most common therapy for equine melanocytic tumors [ 15 , 17 ]. Despite their mostly benign behavior, it has been reported that, in some cases, the clinical behavior of these tumors can change with time, becoming more aggressive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Equine Melanocytic Tumors

Pimenta,

Prada,

Pires

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Equine melanocytic tumors are common and have an unusual benign behavior with low invasiveness and metastatic rates. However, tumoral mass growth is usually a concern that can have life-threatening consequences. COX-2 is related to oncogenesis, promoting neoplastic cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 in equine melanocytic tumors. Through extension and intensity of labeling, 39 melanocytomas and 38 melanomas were evaluated. Of the malignant tumors, 13.2% were negative and 63.2% presented a low COX-2 expression. Only 6 malignant tumors presented >50% of labeled cells, 18 malignant and 8 benign had an expression between 21 and 50%, 8 malignant and 3 benign tumors had an expression between 6 and 20%, 1 malignant tumor had an expression between 1 and 5%, and 5 malignant and 28 benign tumors had no expression. Malignant tumors showed higher COX-2 expression than did benign tumors, with statistically significant differences. The low levels of COX-2 may be one of the molecular reasons for the presence of expansive mass growth instead of the invasive pattern of other species, which is related to high COX-2 levels.

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“…Over the years, a broad spectrum of treatment modalities has been used to control this tumoral disease in horses. The therapeutic options available can be divided into those with local tumor effect and those intended to prevent and cure systemic oncologic disease [ 13 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Immunohistochemical Expression in Equine Melanocytic Tumors

Pimenta,

Prada,

Pires

et al. 2023

Animals

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Currently available treatments for equine melanocytic tumors have limitations, mainly due to mass localization and dimension, or the presence of metastases. Therefore, a search for new therapies is necessary. Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed by several tumors, blocking T cell-mediated elimination of the tumor cells by binding to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). A novel therapeutic approach using PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in human melanoma resulted in tumor regression and prolonged tumor-free survival. This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in equine melanocytic tumors. A total of 77 melanocytic tumors were classified as benign or malignant and evaluated by extension of labeling. A total of 59.7% of the tumors showed >50% of immunolabeled cells. Regarding malignant tumors, 24/38 tumors presented >50% of labeled cells, 13 tumors presented between 25–50% and one tumor presented <10%. Regarding benign tumors, 22/39 tumors presented >50% of labeled cells, nine tumors presented 25–50%, three tumors presented 10–25%, two tumors presented <10% and three tumors did not present expression. Our results suggest that PD-L1 blockade may be a potential target for immunotherapy in equine melanocytic tumors and that future clinical research trials into the clinical efficacy of the anti-PD-L1 antibody are necessary.

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Interventions for treatment of cutaneous melanoma in horses: a structured literature review

Cited by 4 publications

References 63 publications

Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma

Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Equine Melanocytic Tumors

Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Immunohistochemical Expression in Equine Melanocytic Tumors

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