Interventions for improving outcomes for pregnant women who have experienced genital cutting

The effectiveness of surgical interventions for women with FGM/C: a systematic review

“…One review, published in the Cochrane library, addressed the effect of interventions to improve outcomes in pregnant women who have undergone FGM/C. The inclusion criteria stipulated that only randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster‐, and quasi‐RCTs were eligible, and no studies met the inclusion criteria . Our literature search, undertaken 4 years later, confirmed the lack of rigorous study designs with respect to interventions in not just pregnant women but in any women who have undergone FGM/C.…”

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting among Women of Somali and Kurdish Origin in Finland

“…FGM/C has several negative health impacts . Short‐term impacts include severe pain, bleeding, and infections; while long‐term impacts include painful menstruation and intercourse, cysts, and psychosocial problems.…”

Nursing Care of Women Who Have Undergone Genital Cutting

“…Women from Africa and the Middle East are most likely to have undergone these procedures, but women with permanently altered genitals are likely to be seen in any country. The causes for genital cutting vary but usually include a mix of cultural, religious and social factors with a theme of cleanliness, promoting modesty and premarital virginity (Balogun, ; El Sharwarby, ; World Health Organization, ).…”

“…Health care interventions for women and girls who have undergone FGC are most likely to include deinfibulation, episiotomy, removal of cysts, treatment of infections and counseling. During antenatal care, health care providers can try to dissuade women and their partners from having the woman undergo reinfibulation after childbirth (Balogun, ).…”