Interventionen zur Resilienzförderung bei Erwachsenen

Abstract

ZusammenfassungResilienz bezeichnet die Aufrechterhaltung bzw. rasche Wiederherstellung der psychischen Gesundheit während oder nach stressvollen Lebensumständen. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass Resilienz dynamisch ist und trainiert werden kann. Obwohl Interventionen zur Stärkung der Resilienz häufig zur Gesundheitsförderung bei verschiedenen Zielgruppen eingesetzt werden, ist deren Effektivität jedoch kaum systematisch untersucht. Diese Übersichtsarbeit beurteilt narrativ die Ergebnisse 4 systematischer Reviews und Metaanalysen zu Resilienzinterventionen bei Erwachsenen und fasst die Evidenz aus den randomisiert-kontrollierten Primärstudien (N=44) zusammen. Insgesamt erzielten die Resilienzinterventionen kleine bis moderate Effekte bzgl. der Steigerung von Resilienz und der Verbesserung der psychischen Gesundheit. Trotz methodischer Schwächen scheinen Resilienzinterventionen wirksam zu sein und könnten somit eine gute Ergänzung zu aktuellen Präventionsmaßnahmen darstellen.

The Resilience Journal: Exploring the Potential of Journal Interventions to Promote Resilience in University Students

“…Originally developed by Smith et al (2008), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a six-item scale that measures resilience as the "ability to bounce back" (195), based on items such as "I tend to bounce back quickly after hard times" rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). This scale has been recommended for use in resilience research for its validity (Linz et al, 2020). For present purposes, we used the German version (Chmitorz et al, 2018b), which achieved good reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.85) for a German sample.…”

“…While pioneering researchers defined resilience as a stable lifelong trait (e.g., Werner, 1993;Block and Kremen, 1996), subsequent approaches viewed it as a "dynamic process encompassing positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity" (Luthar et al, 2000, 543)-in other words, resilience came to be seen as a changing process rather than a stable trait (e.g., Luthar et al, 2000;Masten, 2001). Today, researchers continue to pursue both of these approaches and multiple definitions are used (e.g., Robertson et al, 2015;Chmitorz et al, 2018a;Joyce et al, 2018;Brewer et al, 2019;Linz et al, 2020). In the field of training and teaching, resilience is more often characterized as a dynamic process (Linz et al, 2020), and the present study adopts this recommendation and the definition proposed by Luthar et al (2000).…”

“…Today, researchers continue to pursue both of these approaches and multiple definitions are used (e.g., Robertson et al, 2015;Chmitorz et al, 2018a;Joyce et al, 2018;Brewer et al, 2019;Linz et al, 2020). In the field of training and teaching, resilience is more often characterized as a dynamic process (Linz et al, 2020), and the present study adopts this recommendation and the definition proposed by Luthar et al (2000).…”

“…Given these differing definitions, it is unsurprising that intervention researchers employ different scales to measure resilience (e.g., Robertson et al, 2015;Chmitorz et al, 2018a;Joyce et al, 2018;Brewer et al, 2019;Linz et al, 2020). Importantly, these different scales do not measure exactly the same construct (Joyce et al, 2018), and their results must therefore be treated with caution.…”

“…In particular, the more commonly used scales are not ideal for measuring dynamic resilience processes over shorter time intervals (e.g., daily). In addition, the social distancing regulations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have created a pressing need for effective online interventions, which remain rare in this context (e.g., Robertson et al, 2015;Joyce et al, 2018;Brewer et al, 2019;Linz et al, 2020).…”