Interventional Treatment Strategy for Primary Budd–Chiari Syndrome with Both Inferior Vena Cava and Hepatic Vein Involvement: Patients from Two Centers in China

Vascular Liver Disorders, Portal Vein Thrombosis, and Procedural Bleeding in Patients With Liver Disease: 2020 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases

“…This presentation only accounts for ~10% of the cases in Western populations, ( 201 ) but segmental stenosis occurs in >80% of patients in China. ( 212,214 ) A single randomized controlled trial suggested that angioplasty plus routine stenting should be the first‐line invasive therapy to treat short‐length stenosis because this treatment is associated with a much lower incidence of restenosis than angioplasty alone. ( 215 ) However, the lack of survival difference and a high risk of selection bias in the population included in the study reduce the generalizability of this proposal, and therefore vein stenting should be reserved for angioplasty failures.…”

“…In cases of segmental stenosis either in the cranial part of the HV or the suprahepatic IVC,(212,213) percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stenting may restore HV outflow. This presentation only accounts for approximately 10% of the cases in Western populations,(201) but segmental stenosis occurs in more than 80% of patients in China (212,214). A single randomized controlled trial suggested that angioplasty plus routine stenting should be the firstline invasive therapy to treat short-length stenosis because this treatment is associated with a much lower incidence of restenosis than angioplasty alone.…”

Evaluation of outcome from endovascular therapy for Budd-Chiari syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…It was interesting to find that the most common obstruction site was HV in the Asian countries. Also, most Asian studies reported the most common obstruction sites IVC and combined (HV and IVC) 48 , 84 , 85 . However, some studies have reported HV obstruction as the most common cause of BCS in the Asian population 27 , 86 .…”

Inferior vena cava-syndrome

“…Table III summarizes technical and clinical results of balloon dilation and stenting (often in combination with sharp recanalization) in larger series from Asia [103,104]. As can be seen, technical and clinical success rates of balloon angioplasty and/or stenting are high and have considerably contributed to an improved prognosis of the patients [21,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109].…”

“…Minor and major complication rates of the highly experienced centers are low (see Table III) [21,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110]. The rate of HV or IVC-rupture was reported to be < 1% in a monocenter report focusing on bleeding complications associated with balloon angioplasty in BCS patients [111].…”