Intervention Mechanisms of Xinmailong Injection, a Periplaneta Americana Extract, on Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Basic Researches

Abstract

Background. At present, the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in the world are facing severe challenges. Xinmailong injection, which is derived from the animal medicine Periplaneta Americana, has certain advantages in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular disease. This study systematically evaluated the basic research reports of Xinmailong Injection on cardiovascular disease and made its pharmacological mechanisms more clear. Methods. Basic research reports on the intervention mechanisms of Xinmailong Injection on cardiovascular disease in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (No. 2, 2019), CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP databases were searched. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to February 2019. The literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then the data were extracted and a descriptive analysis of the pharmacological mechanisms of Xinmailong Injection on cardiovascular disease was performed. Results. Finally, twenty-two basic research reports were included. The intervention mechanisms of Xinmailong Injection on cardiovascular disease mainly includes the following: inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction; regulating autophagy; promoting Ca2+ influx by activating excitability of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC); inhibiting overexpressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) to regulate the dynamic balance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs); inhibiting the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) proteins and overexpression of the downstream transcription factor GATA4 in the nucleus; regulating vascular endothelial factors and so on. Conclusions. Xinmailong Injection can protect cardiomyocytes and maintain the normal function of the heart in various ways, thus effectively preventing the development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, Xinmailong Injection has great potential for clinical application, and more basic researches need to be carried out to explore the medicinal value of Xinmailong Injection.

Periplaneta Americana extract inhibits osteoclastic differentiation in vitro

“…Kangfuxin Liquid and Xinmailong Injection are extracted from Periplaneta americana and are highly recognized for their efficacy in treating wound healing, kidney and cardiovascular disease, etc. 14 , 31 Interestingly, in our study, we found that PAE had inhibitory effects on the differentiation of osteoclasts, including inhibiting the formation of osteoclasts, down‐regulating the expression of osteoclast genes, and reducing the activity and function of osteoclasts, indicating its potential as an alternative strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis.…”

Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…The TCMIs included in this study all have the effect of nourishing Qi and blood. And a large number of articles and reviews have explored the protective effects of the active ingredients of these TCMIs on cardiovascular diseases in terms of molecular mechanisms, such as Huang-Qi ( Radix Astragali ) ( Su et al, 2021 ) in HQ, the combination of Ren-Shen ( Radix Ginseng ) and Fu-Zi (processed) ( Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata ) ( Tan et al, 2018 ; Li L. et al, 2020 ) in SF, the combination of Hong-Shen ( Radix Ginseng Rubra ) and Mai-Dong ( Radix Ophiopogonis ) ( Wang et al, 2019 ) in SM and YQFM, Wu-Wei-Zi ( Fructus Schisandrae ) ( Nasser et al, 2020 ) in SGM, and American cockroach ( Periplaneta Americana Linnaeus ) ( Qi et al, 2017 ; Lin S. S. et al, 2019 ) in XML. Due to the available active ingredients, rich and diverse targets, and complex regulatory mechanisms, TCMIs have considerable development potential.…”

Chinese herbal injection for cardio-cerebrovascular disease: Overview and challenges

“…XMLI was prepared from the extract of the animal TCM Periplaneta americana. Periplaneta americana is a natural animal medicine that can eliminate inflammation and edema, promote wound healing, and improve immune function (Lin et al, 2019;Zeng et al, 2019;Liao et al, 2022;Pang et al, 2022). HJTI is prepared from an extract of the traditional Chinese medicine Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma.…”