Intervention for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Prediabetes: A Review of the Literature

Abstract

Introduction In recent decades, the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased rapidly and represent a significant public health problem worldwide. Long-term T2DM is associated with microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Prediabetes is a state of hyperglycemia with blood glucose levels higher than normal but lower than the diabetes threshold. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions that resulted in a 40% to 70% reduction in diabetes mellitus in adults with prediabetes. These interventions focused on increased physical activity and dietary changes that were able to prevent or delay the onset of T2DM in prediabetes. However, most review studies focused on interventions to prevent T2DM in high-risk groups such as obesity. There was a limitation of reports related to prediabetes. Nevertheless, it remains a high-risk condition for the development of T2DM with a conversion rate of 5% to 10% per year. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the current evidence on intervention studies aimed at reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes in prediabetes. Method The researcher conducted a literature search of common online databases such as Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library between January 2011 and December 2021. Result The intervention for the prevention of T2DM in prediabetes consisted of a lifestyle intervention, a nutritional supplementation intervention, and a pharmacological intervention Conclusion Several studies suggest that T2DM in prediabetes can be prevented by lifestyle modification and pharmacological interventions, or a combined intervention. However, further interventions may be needed to confirm this.

The Implementation and Outcome of Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Intervention in High Risk or Prediabetes: A Review of the Literature

“…The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that 573 million adult people (20-79 years old) worldwide already have diabetes, and that number will rise to 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045 (IDF, 2021). Microvascular consequences of type 2 diabetes Mellitus might include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy (Thipsawat, 2023). Prediabetes is one factor that can accelerate the onset of diabetes mellitus (Venkataramani et al, 2019).…”

“…According to several studies, lifestyle interventions can prevent 40–70% of prediabetic people from developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Kramer et al, 2018; Sampson et al, 2020; Thipsawat, 2023; Vargas et al, 2023). The main focus of DPP through lifestyle interventions is diet and physical activity (Ford et al, 2019; Kriska et al, 2021).…”