Intervention Empowerment of Families in Preventing and Controlling Overweight and Obesity in Children: A Systematic Review

Abstract

There have been an increasing overweight and obesity in very anxious children. Furthermore, obesity is a condition that occurs due to the accumulation of excess or abnormal fat. This disorder is believed to be the most significant public health problem that affects children in the 21st century. This study aimed to examine the literature review, articles and research results analyzing the effectiveness of family or parent empowerment interventions through health education. Many research articles were searched on several databases such as PubMed and PreQuest, using the following keywords which include "family empowerment", "overweight", "obesity", "health lifestyle", "BMI", "children", "RCT" starting from 2014 to 2019. The searched results obtained 162 articles on family empowerment, overweight and obesity. Out of the 162 articles, 20 were selected that discussed family empowerment interventions for overweight and obesity. Critical analysis of the 20 articles was carried out based on design, sample, treatment, parameters, findings and conclusions. The literature review analysis showed that family empowerment interventions in the form of health education or promotion activities vary widely in terms of methods, components, duration, individuals involved, specificity and effectiveness. Furthermore, this intervention consists of training activities, courses, and teaching practices. Statistical analysis showed that all these methods significantly increased the ability and independence of the family in controlling overweight and obesity. In conclusion, health education interventions that are packaged in various programs are proven to significantly improve the ability of families or parents in preventing and controlling overweight and obesity in children.

School-Based Exercise and Life Style Motivation Intervention (SEAL.MI) on Adolescent’s Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Academic Performance: Catch Them Young

“…The FIVALIN project concluded that by employing a multi-pronged behavioral approach that targets healthy eating, physical activity, screen time, sleep quality and duration, and psychological well-being, childhood obesity can be prevented in economically deprived families [45]. According to the data, lowering one's BMI is most closely related to lowering one's total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diastolic and systolic blood pressure [46][47][48].…”

Obesity in Children: Recent Insights and Therapeutic Options

“…The most effective way of preventing and controlling overweight and obesity is through family empowerment, including parental knowledge about nutrition, its influence on food choice, eating patterns, sedentary habits, and physical activity. The beliefs and parent's lifestyle and health promotion are also of vital importance due to learning by imitation [77]. Interestingly, parentonly interventions had a similar effect compared with parent-child interventions in children 5 to 11 years [78].…”

“…Childhood is regarded as the most important period of life affecting adulthood. Health problems or illnesses during this period would be brought to maturity or become a risk factor for the onset of diseases in adulthood [77]. The family and environment provide a great impact on social, cognitive, behavioral, and health aspects, including overweight and obesity.…”

Effectiveness of national multicentric school-based health lifestyles intervention among chinese children and adolescents on knowledge, belief, and practice toward obesity at individual, family and schools' levels

“…Therefore, we tried to use a biopsychosocial framework that is different from previous interventions for childhood obesity intervention. The biopsychosocial framework for understanding obesity showed that the biological, psychosocial, and practical factors greatly contributed to the weight status of children, including the demographic and family characteristics, lifestyles, and environment of children ( 10 , 11 ). For example, the ultra-processed, energy-dense, and nutrient-poor foods exposure ( 12 ), as well as the declined opportunities for physical activity could lead to an unhealthy lifestyle and subsequent adverse health outcomes ( 13 ).…”