Intervention effects of ginseng on spleen-qi deficiency in rats revealed by GC–MS-based metabonomic approach

Liu, Ming; Li, Fangtong; Cai, Yongyu; Xie, Dong; Wu, Yongxi; Zhang, Meiyu; Wang, Yizhu; Dai, Yulin; Zheng, Fei; Yue, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114834

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Among these proteins, the urine metabolites are most closely related to PTGS2, ILIB, HTRIA, and TGFB1. This finding is consistent with our previous results and interacts with the IL-17, NF-κB, T cell receptor, TNF, AGE-RAGE, and MAPK signaling pathways [23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Metabolomics and network pharmacological analysis to explore the mechanism of ginseng treatment for spleen‐qi deficiency

Liu

Cai

et al. 2022

J of Separation Science

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Ginseng is the main Chinese herbal medicine for tonifying Qi and invigorating the spleen. It has been used to treat spleen‐qi deficiency with good protective effects for thousands of years, however, its biological mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study aims to explore the mechanism of ginseng in the treatment of spleen‐qi deficiency by using a comprehensive method combining metabolomics and network pharmacological analysis. Gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy was applied for investigating the changes in urine metabolites in spleen‐qi deficiency rats and after treatment with ginseng. Metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis were applied to screen potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of ginseng in the treatment of spleen‐qi deficiency, respectively. Molecular docking was employed to further evaluate the docking mode of potential biomarkers and therapeutic target proteins. The results of metabolomics showed that the therapeutic effects of ginseng are mainly related to its regulation of three metabolic pathways. The molecular structure of potential biomarkers and common proteins was further analyzed by molecular docking to verify its effectiveness. Ginseng has good pharmacological effects by controlling key targets of related metabolic pathways, signal pathways, and potential biomarkers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Our previous study has proved the therapeutic effect of ginseng on spleen‐qi deficiency in rats [23]. After treatment, the high ginseng‐administered (GH, 1.62 g herb/kg bw) group exhibited significantly improved body weight, spleen deficiency signs, and restored spleen index and shape in rats with spleen deficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics and network pharmacological analysis to explore the mechanism of ginseng treatment for spleen‐qi deficiency

Liu

Cai

et al. 2022

J of Separation Science

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“…Interestingly, Taurine used as a nutritional supplement promotes recovery from muscle injury caused by vigorous exercise ( Wei et al, 2021 ). In addition, Liu et al found that the therapeutic effect of ginseng on spleen deficiency rats may be realized by regulating Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and its metabolites can be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of spleen deficiency ( Liu et al, 2022 ). Armstrong et al analyzed the metabolic profile of the blood and urine of CFS patients and found that CFS patients had abnormal metabolism of alanine, aspartate, glutamate and other energy ( Armstrong et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rg1 can reverse fatigue behavior in CFS rats by regulating EGFR and affecting Taurine and Mannose 6-phosphate metabolism

et al. 2023

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Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by significant and persistent fatigue. Ginseng is a traditional anti-fatigue Chinese medicine with a long history in Asia, as demonstrated by clinical and experimental studies. Ginsenoside Rg1 is mainly derived from ginseng, and its anti-fatigue metabolic mechanism has not been thoroughly explored.Methods: We performed non-targeted metabolomics of rat serum using LC-MS and multivariate data analysis to identify potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways. In addition, we implemented network pharmacological analysis to reveal the potential target of ginsenoside Rg1 in CFS rats. The expression levels of target proteins were measured by PCR and Western blotting.Results: Metabolomics analysis confirmed metabolic disorders in the serum of CFS rats. Ginsenoside Rg1 can regulate metabolic pathways to reverse metabolic biases in CFS rats. We found a total of 34 biomarkers, including key markers Taurine and Mannose 6-phosphate. AKT1, VEGFA and EGFR were identified as anti-fatigue targets of ginsenoside Rg1 using network pharmacological analysis. Finally, biological analysis showed that ginsenoside Rg1 was able to down-regulate the expression of EGFR.Conclusion: Our results suggest ginsenoside Rg1 has an anti-fatigue effect, impacting the metabolism of Taurine and Mannose 6-phosphate through EGFR regulation. This demonstrates ginsenoside Rg1 is a promising alternative treatment for patients presenting with chronic fatigue syndrome.

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“…Liu et al. [8, 9] used GC‐MS to study the blood and urine of SQD rats and confirmed that the therapeutic effects of ginseng could be achieved by modulating multiple metabolic pathways. Therefore, ginseng and its active ingredients can improve the intestinal environment, regulate the structure of the flora, and improve metabolic diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine and serum metabolomics study of wild ginseng in rats with spleen‐qi deficiency using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Zhang

et al. 2023

J of Separation Science

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Patients with a spleen-qi deficiency often exhibit dysfunction in the metabolic system. Metabolites are considered the most direct reflection of individual physiological and pathological conditions and represent attractive candidates to provide deep insights into disease phenotypes. This study examines the potential therapeutic mechanism of wild ginseng on spleen-qi deficiency through the analysis of serum and urine metabolomics using rapid-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The reasons for the superiority of wild ginseng treatment over cultivated ginseng were also analyzed in depth. After wild ginseng intervention, anandamide, urobilinogen, aldosterone, and testosterone glucuronide were significantly reduced in serum. Meanwhile, argininosuccinic acid, L-cysteine, and seven other metabolites were significantly elevated in serum. Nine metabolites, including Lacetylcarnitine, and citrulline were elevated in the urine, and trimethylamine N-oxide, adrenic acid, and 10 other metabolites were reduced. Arginine biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, thiamin metabolism, taurine, and tryptophan metabolism pathways were mainly improved. Further analysis was conducted on the relationship between Lactobacillus and Akkermansia bacteria with metabolites, and it was found that they are mainly related to amino acid metabolites. This study provides strong theoretical support and direction for further explanation of the immune mechanism of wild ginseng and lays the foundation for future studies.

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Intervention effects of ginseng on spleen-qi deficiency in rats revealed by GC–MS-based metabonomic approach

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Metabolomics and network pharmacological analysis to explore the mechanism of ginseng treatment for spleen‐qi deficiency

Metabolomics and network pharmacological analysis to explore the mechanism of ginseng treatment for spleen‐qi deficiency

Ginsenoside Rg1 can reverse fatigue behavior in CFS rats by regulating EGFR and affecting Taurine and Mannose 6-phosphate metabolism

Urine and serum metabolomics study of wild ginseng in rats with spleen‐qi deficiency using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

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