Intervention effect of Malus pumila leaf flavonoids on senna‐induced acute diarrhea in BALB/c mice

Abstract

The Malus pumila leaves are used as a kind of tea drink in China, and there are abundant flavonoids in the leaves of Malus pumila. In this study, BALB/c mice received senna extract solution via gavage, which induced acute diarrhea, and the interventive effect of Malus pumila leaf flavonoids (MPLF) was observed. The results showed that MPLF decreased the diarrhea index, and MPLF also decreased the capillary permeability in the abdominal cavity of mice. The result of serum cytokine detection indicated that MPLF decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).The results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicated that diarrhea decreased the mRNA and protein expression of aquaporin-3 (AQP3) in the jejunum and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in the ileum, which were inhibited by MPLF. By high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), MPLF mainly contains 10 flavonoids, which are rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, taxifolin, quercitrin, hesperidin, myricetin, baicalin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and quercetin, the synergistic effect of these components plays an antidiarrhea role in MPLF. Therefore, MPLF achieved good antidiarrheal effect, which was better than that of the commonly used montmorillonite powder at the same concentration. MPLF is a natural raw material for functional food with an antidiarrheal effect. K E Y W O R D S acute diarrhea, aquaporin, expression, flavonoid, Malus pumila leaf How to cite this article: Yi R, Tian Y, Tan F, et al. Intervention effect of Malus pumila leaf flavonoids on senna-induced acute diarrhea in BALB/c mice. Food Sci Nutr. 2020;8:2535-2542

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Potential role of flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 induced diarrhea

“…In senna extract-induced acute diarrhea in BALB/c mice, flavonoids from Malus pumila leaves lowered diarrhea index and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines like interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). This ameliorating effect was reported to be caused by ten flavonoids, namely rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, taxifolin, quercitrin, hesperidin, myricetin, baicalin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and quercetin (Yi et al, 2020). Incidentally most of these flavonoids have been variously reported to be able to bind and inhibit various integral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 necessary for viral entry and replication in human cells (Alzaabi et al, 2021).…”

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“…In a mice model of senna-induced diarrhea, the transdermal administration of Renzhu ointment has been shown to significantly reduce the frequency of loose stools, diarrhea rate and index, and fecal moisture content ( Zhong et al, 2023 ). Moreover, the BALB/c mice developed acute diarrhea via senna extract solution in accompany with a decreased expression of AQP3 in the jejunum, while interventions of Malus pumila leaf flavonoids at either 25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg by gavage displayed antidiarrheal effects by increasing AQP3 expression ( Yi et al, 2020 ).…”