Intervention and Public Policy Pathways to Achieve Health Care Equity

White‐Means, Shelley I.; Gaskin, Darrell J.; Osmani, Ahmad Reshad

doi:10.3390/ijerph16142465

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The purpose of an effective health system is not only to improve the health of the population [1], but also to achieve equality in health [2,3]. Each public policy (not only health policy) should be focused on the fulfillment of health potential of population without disadvantages and obstacles [4]. Marmot [5] concluded that the health status of the population is an important aspect of economic life and countries can be judged on the basis of health outcomes and a fair distribution of health care across the social spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Inequalities in Health and Their Effect on the Economic Prosperity Represented by the GDP of Selected Developed Countries—Empirical Study

Štefko

Gavurová

Ivanková

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The objective is to evaluate the relations between gender health inequalities and economic prosperity in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The groups included health indicators in the specification of men, women and gender inequalities: life expectancy, causes of mortality and avoidable mortality. The variable determining the economic prosperity was represented by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The analytical processing included descriptive analysis, analysis of differences and analysis of relationships. The regression analysis was presented as the main output of the research. Most of the significant gender differences in health showed a more positive outcome for women. It is possible to identify a certain relation between gender health inequalities and economic prosperity. If there is some reduction in gender inequalities in health, the economic prosperity will increase. The reduction seems to be more effective on the part of men than women. The output of the cluster analysis showed the relations of indicators evaluating the inequalities and the prosperity. The countries such as Luxembourg, Norway or Switzerland showed very positive outputs, on the other hand, the countries with a potential for the improvement are Lithuania, Latvia or Estonia. Overall, the policies should focus on reducing the inequalities in avoidable mortality as well as reducing the frequent diseases in younger people.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Inequalities in Health and Their Effect on the Economic Prosperity Represented by the GDP of Selected Developed Countries—Empirical Study

Štefko

Gavurová

Ivanková

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Panel Unit Root Test 3) report the Driscoll-Kraay standard errors, which are used to solve the three major problems of heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, and cross-section correlation, Columns (4) to (6) report the cluster-robust standard errors, which are used to solve the two major problems of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. The R 2 reported in Columns (1) to (4), (5), and (6) are Within R 2 , Overall R 2 , and Adj.R 2 , respectively. a P < 0.01, b P < 0.05, c P < 0.10.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiscal autonomy of subnational governments and equity in healthcare resource allocation: evidence from China

Yang

Cui

Yin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Promoting equity in healthcare resource allocation (EHRA) has become a critical political agenda of governments at all levels since the ambitious Universal Health Coverage was launched in China in 2009, while the role of an important institutional variable -- fiscal autonomy of subnational governments -- is often overlooked. The present study was designed to determine the effect of FASG on EHRA and its potential mechanism of action and heterogeneity characteristics to provide empirical support for the research field expansion and relative policies making of EHRA.Methods: From the start, we utilized the Theil index and the entropy method to calculate the EHRA index of 22 provinces (2011-2020) based on the medical resource data of 287 prefecture-level cities. Furthermore, we used the two-way fixed effects model (FE) to identify and analyze the impact of FASG on EHRA and then used three robustness test strategies and two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression to verify the reliability of the conclusions and deal with potential endogeneity problems respectively. At last, we extend the baseline regression model and obtain the two-way FE threshold model for conducting heterogeneity analysis, which makes us verify whether the baseline model has nonlinear characteristics. Results: The static value and the trend of interannual changes in the EHRA values in different provinces are both very different. The regression results of the two-way FE model show that FASG has a significant positive impact on EHRA, and the corresponding estimated coefficient is -0.0849 (P < 0.01). Moreover, this promotion effect can be reflected through two channels: enhancing the intensity of government health expenditure (IGHE) and optimizing the allocation of human resources for health (AHRH). At last, under the different economic and demographic constraints, the impact of FASG on EHRA has nonlinear characteristics, i.e., after crossing a specific threshold of per capita DGP (PGDP) and population density (PD), the promotion effect is reduced until it is not statistically significant, while after crossing a particular threshold of dependency ratio (DR), the promotion effect is further strengthened and still statistically significant.Conclusions: FASG plays an essential role in promoting EHRA, which shows that subnational governments need to attach great importance to the construction of fiscal capability in the allocation of health care resources, effectively improve the equity of medical and health fiscal expenditures, and promote the sustainable improvement of the level of EHRA.

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“…Reducing healthcare costs, rationalizing the use of healthcare resources, and improving access to and fairness of healthcare services are major challenges in healthcare reform efforts in many countries [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. In China, the demand for healthcare services is vast, and the distribution of healthcare resources is inequitable [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of and Prospects for the Hierarchical Medical Policy in Beijing, China

2023

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Hierarchical medical policies are widely used worldwide to reduce healthcare costs, rationalize the use of healthcare resources, and improve accessibility and fairness of healthcare services. However, few case studies have evaluated the effects and prospects of such policies. Medical reform efforts in China have distinct goals and characteristics. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a hierarchical medical policy in Beijing and assessed the future potential of the policy to yield insights for other countries, especially developing countries. Different methods were used to analyze multidimensional data from official statistics, a questionnaire survey of 595 healthcare workers from 8 representative public hospitals in Beijing, a questionnaire survey of 536 patients, and 8 semi-structured interview records. The hierarchical medical policy had strong positive effects on improving access to healthcare services, balancing the workload of healthcare workers in various levels of public hospitals, and improving the management of public hospitals. The remaining obstacles include severe job stress among healthcare workers, the high cost of some healthcare services, and the need for improvement in the development level and service capacity of primary hospitals. This study provides useful policy recommendations regarding the implementation and extension of the hierarchical medical policy, including the need for governments to improve the hospital assessment system and for hospitals to actively participate in developing medical partnerships.

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Intervention and Public Policy Pathways to Achieve Health Care Equity

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Gender Inequalities in Health and Their Effect on the Economic Prosperity Represented by the GDP of Selected Developed Countries—Empirical Study

Gender Inequalities in Health and Their Effect on the Economic Prosperity Represented by the GDP of Selected Developed Countries—Empirical Study

Fiscal autonomy of subnational governments and equity in healthcare resource allocation: evidence from China

Effects of and Prospects for the Hierarchical Medical Policy in Beijing, China

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