Intervening in the Jewish question, 1840–1878

The Limits of Intervention: Coercive Diplomacy and the Jewish Question in the Nineteenth Century

“…18 In the Ottoman case, they were reinforced by European pressure on the Porte to grant equal rights to religious minorities as part of the modernising Tanzimat agenda. 19 It was in this context that diplomatic intervention in the Jewish question moved beyond the episodic, with formal guarantees of religious equality incorporated into the Treaty of Paris (1856) and the Treaty of Berlin (1878). Since the latter led the Romanian government to alter its constitution in the face of entrenched popular resistance, it can certainly be understood as an example of coercive diplomacy at the highest level.…”