The general objective of the study is to address the issue of psychoanalysis as a possibility for the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder. A bibliographical research was used in a narrative way, supported by websites and scientific articles. According to the analyzed materials, it was possible to conclude that psychoanalysis in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder undergoes numerous theoretical changes and innovations since the case of Melanie Klein with Dick, this approach incorporates contributions from different authors and fields of knowledge, such as neuroscience, developmental psychology. Research points to the contributions of the psychoanalytic approach to the positive evolution of patients, contributing to the expansion of play, communication and also better relationships with the world that surrounds the autistic person. It is worth highlighting the importance of parents in direct participation throughout the psychotherapeutic process, the success of the treatment also depends a lot on this.