Interval recording for duration events: a re‐evaluation

Rapp, John T.; Colby, Amanda M.; Vollmer, Timothy R.; Roane, Henry S.; Lomas, Joanna E.; Britton, Lisa N.

doi:10.1002/bin.239

Cited by 37 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…That is, although a behavior change was apparent, the levels of behavior appeared higher Figure 1 than would typically be considered an "effective" treatment for problem behavior (particularly when recoded with PIR). Rapp et al (2007;2008) reported similar findings.…”

Section: Would My Treatment Decisions and Interpretations Be Differensupporting

confidence: 61%

Use of Discontinuous Methods of Data Collection in Behavioral Intervention: Guidelines for Practitioners

Fiske

Delmolino

2012

Behav Analysis Practice

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Over the past three decades, researchers have examined the sensitivity and accuracy of discontinuous data-collection methods. Momentary-time sampling (MTS) and partial-interval recording (PIR) have received particular attention in regards to their ability to estimate the occurrence of behavior and their sensitivity to behavior change compared to continuous data collection. In this article, we summarize these findings and provide recommendations for designing a discontinuous measurement system with consideration of the dimensions of behavior to be measured and the expected direction of behavior change. Keywords: discontinuous data collection, momentary time sampling, partial interval recording ABSTRACT D

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Section: Would My Treatment Decisions and Interpretations Be Differensupporting

confidence: 61%

Use of Discontinuous Methods of Data Collection in Behavioral Intervention: Guidelines for Practitioners

Fiske

Delmolino

2012

Behav Analysis Practice

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“…It is possible that different results would be obtained if data were generated through the measurement of actual (non-simulated) behavioral events. Nevertheless, recent studies that evaluated actual behavior (Meany-Daboul et al, 2007;Rapp et al, 2007) and simulated behavior (Rapp et al, 2008) yielded similar conclusions regarding the sensitivity of intervals. These divergent outcomes suggest that using simulated data maybe a valid approach for evaluating the sensitivity of interval methods.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…A false negative was identified when functional control was demonstrated with CDR but was not detected with an interval method. By contrast, a 'false positive' was identified when functional control was detected by an interval method but was not evident with the CDR measure (Rapp et al, 2007(Rapp et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In conjunction with the Meany-Daboul et al (2007) and Rapp et al (2007Rapp et al ( , 2008 studies, this study focused on identifying the conditions under which interval methods were most sensitive for detecting changes in specific dimensions of behavior. Although it is our position that determining sensitivity of interval methods should be the priority of behavior analysts, additional research on observers' preferences for interval methods is clearly warranted (e.g., Hanley et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies on interval methods showed that 10 s MTS detected a majority of the behavior changes that were detected by CDR (Meany-Daboul, Roscoe, Bourret, & Ahearn, 2007;Rapp, Colby, Vollmer, Roane, Lomaas, & Britton, 2007;Rapp et al, 2008); however, collecting data in applied settings with small interval sizes of MTS presents many of the same potential challenges that are imposed by using CDR. That is, collecting data with 10 s MTS may impede a trainer's ability to perform other duties such as providing instructions to one or more students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Detecting changes in simulated events II: Using variations of momentary time‐sampling to measure changes in duration events

Carroll

Rapp

Colby-Dirksen

et al. 2009

Behavioral Interventions

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The extent to which a greater proportion of small behavior changes could be detected with momentary time-sampling (MTS) was evaluated by (a) combining various interval sizes of partial-interval recording (PIR) with 20 s, 30 s, 1 min MTS and (b) using variable interval sizes of MTS that were based on means of 20 s and 1 min. For each targeted percentage, low, moderate, and high inter-response times (IRTs) to event-run ratios were compared with reversal designs to determine whether sensitivity increased with either variation of MTS. The results showed that (a) combinations of 30 s and 1 min MTS/PIR yielded increased sensitivity over MTS alone; however, the increased sensitivity was offset by an increased probability of generating false positives and (b) variable-interval MTS produced comparable sensitivity to fixed-interval MTS. Thus, none of the methods increased detection of small behavior changes (decreased false negatives) without also increasing false positives.

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Detecting Changes in Non‐simulated Events Using Partial Interval Recording and Momentary Time Sampling: Evaluating False Positives, False Negatives, and Trending

Schmidt

Rapp

Novotny

et al. 2012

Behavioral Interventions

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Several studies have evaluated false positives and false negatives produced with partial interval recording (PIR) and momentary time sampling (MTS) using simulated data. However, no study to date has evaluated false positives and negatives using a large sample of non-simulated behaviors. In addition, few studies have evaluated whether interval methods of data collection alter trends that are evident in continuous records. We conducted three experiments to evaluate the extent to which various interval sizes of MTS and PIR produced false negatives (Experiment 1), false positives (Experiment 2), and trends that were inconsistent with the continuous records (Experiment 3). Collectively, the results show the following: (i) 10-s PIR and 10-s MTS produced few false negatives and few false positives (i.e., both were sensitive) to changes in duration events; (ii) 10-s PIR produced very few false negatives, but an unexpected high percentage of false positives for frequency events; and (iii) each interval size of PIR and MTS produced a high percentage of changes in trending for duration events and frequency events. We briefly discuss the potential limitations and clinical implications of these findings.

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Interval recording for duration events: a re‐evaluation

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

Use of Discontinuous Methods of Data Collection in Behavioral Intervention: Guidelines for Practitioners

Use of Discontinuous Methods of Data Collection in Behavioral Intervention: Guidelines for Practitioners

Detecting changes in simulated events II: Using variations of momentary time‐sampling to measure changes in duration events

Detecting Changes in Non‐simulated Events Using Partial Interval Recording and Momentary Time Sampling: Evaluating False Positives, False Negatives, and Trending

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