Interspecies Variations in the Histology of Toxicologically Important Areas in the Larynges of CRL:CD Rats and Syrian Golden Hamsters*†

Renne, Roger A.; Sagartz, John W.; Burger, Gary T.

doi:10.1177/019262339302100604

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The normal morphology of the rostral larynx of Syrian hamsters varies slightly from mice and rats, with potentially important differences in effects from exposure to inhaled toxicants (Lewis, 1981; Renne et al, 1992a). Exposure-induced laryngeal lesions are frequently reported in inhalation studies in rodents; thus, there is considerable information available on laryngeal lesions in these species (Lewis, 1991; Miller and Renne, 1996; Renne and Gideon, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Respiratory Tract Lesions in Inhalation Toxicology

et al. 2007

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This paper describes some important differences in normal histology of the upper respiratory tract of laboratory animals. It also provides examples of lesions observed or reported in the upper respiratory tract of laboratory animals, predominantly rodents, exposed via inhalation. The anatomy and physiology of upper respiratory tract tissues play a major role in the response to an insult, given that different epithelial types vary in susceptibility to injury and toxicant exposure concentrations throughout the airway vary due to airflow dynamics. Although dogs and nonhuman primates are utilized for inhalation toxicology studies, less information is available regarding sites of upper respiratory injury and types of responses in these species. Awareness of interspecies differences in normal histology and zones of transition from squamous to respiratory to olfactory epithelium in different areas of the upper respiratory tract is critical to detection and description of lesions. Repeated inhalation of chemicals, drugs, or environmental contaminants induces a wide range of responses, depending on the physical properties of the toxicant and concentration and duration of exposure. Accurate and consistent fixation, trimming, and microtomy of tissue sections using anatomic landmarks are critical steps in providing the pathologist the tools needed to compare the morphology of upper respiratory tract tissues from exposed and control animals and detect and interpret subtle differences.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Respiratory Tract Lesions in Inhalation Toxicology

et al. 2007

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“…The normal mucosal epithelium at the base of the rodent epiglottis consists of a mixture of ciliated and nonciliated columnar to round cells 2–3 cells thick, with no definite basal cell layer. A small area in the ventral midline at the rostral and caudal borders of the submucosal glands may be covered by squamous epithelium (Renne et al, 1992), but these areas do not have the prominent basal cell layer typical of stratified squamous epithelium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types and Patterns of Response in the Larynx Following Inhalation

Renne

Gideon

2006

Toxicol Pathol

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The laryngeal mucosa responds to insult similarly to other epithelial tissues but the response depends on location within the larynx since important anatomic differences exist, even within rodent species. Although dogs and nonhuman primates are also utilized for inhalation toxicology studies, little published information is available regarding sites of injury from inhaled toxicants in these species. Accurate and consistent fixation, trimming, and microtomy of laryngeal sections allow the pathologist to compare the morphology of laryngeal mucosa from exposed and control animals and detect and interpret subtle differences resulting from inhalation exposure. There are anatomic landmarks that are keys to providing consistent sections through important areas of the laryngeal mucosa. Repeated inhalation of toxic concentrations of chemicals, drugs, or environmental contaminants induces a wide range of responses, depending on the physical properties and concentration of the toxic substance and duration of exposure. Responses include edema, acute to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, mucosal ulceration, degeneration, and necrosis. Attempts at repair include regeneration, hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, hyperkeratosis, and neoplasia. Awareness of normal histology and zones of transition from squamous to respiratory epithelium in different areas of the larynx in different species is critical to avoid confusing normal epithelium with metaplasia or hyperplasia. Microscopic examination of laryngeal mucosa from animals exposed via inhalation and necropsied following a recovery period provides the opportunity to determine the degree of regression or progression of exposure-induced laryngeal lesions.

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“…Histologically, the mucosa of the larynx is considerably different in the rat to that of other species. In rats, there is an extensive transition zone covered by relatively thin epithelia of mixed cell types (Renne, Sagartz, and Burger 1993). In general, the thickest epithelial areas in the rodent larynx are appreciably thinner than the stratified squamous epithelial lining in the monkey or dog.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Rodent and Nonrodent Laryngeal and Tracheal Bifurcation Sensitivities in Inhalation Toxicity Studies and Their Relevance for Human Exposure

Mowat

Alexander²,

Pilling³

2016

Toxicol Pathol

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In inhalation toxicity studies, drug-induced lesions are frequently reported in the larynx and sometimes at the tracheal bifurcation (carina) in the rat, but less so in the dog or monkey, bringing into question the relevance of these rodent findings for humans. The rat larynx is widely considered to be more sensitive than that of the dog and monkey in its response to inhaled xenobiotics, although we could find no published data to support this. In this review, data from 52 inhalation studies involving rodent and nonrodent species were collated and reviewed. These data showed that the rodent larynx, and to a lesser extent the carina, was far more commonly affected by treatment than those of the nonrodent. This review indicates the greater susceptibility of the rodent larynx and carina and emphasizes their lack of relevance for man. Observations and data suggest that the human larynx is much closer to the beagle dog and cynomolgus monkey in its response to inhaled xenobiotics and that greater clinical relevance should be placed on any specific findings in these animal models.

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Interspecies Variations in the Histology of Toxicologically Important Areas in the Larynges of CRL:CD Rats and Syrian Golden Hamsters*†

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Upper Respiratory Tract Lesions in Inhalation Toxicology

Upper Respiratory Tract Lesions in Inhalation Toxicology

Types and Patterns of Response in the Larynx Following Inhalation

A Comparison of Rodent and Nonrodent Laryngeal and Tracheal Bifurcation Sensitivities in Inhalation Toxicity Studies and Their Relevance for Human Exposure

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