Interspecies Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer: Advancements and Problems

Lagutina, Irina; Fulka, Helena; Lazzari, Giovanna; Galli, Cesare

doi:10.1089/cell.2013.0036

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Success has also been achieved between endangered cats using oocytes from domestic cat as recipient (46). Studies suggest that the frequent failures of interspecies SCNT are due to a number of factors including incomplete activation of the embryonic genome and nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibilities (49).…”

Section: Propagation Of Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial cloning of domestic animals

Keefer

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

127

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Domestic animals can be cloned using techniques such as embryo splitting and nuclear transfer to produce genetically identical individuals. Although embryo splitting is limited to the production of only a few identical individuals, nuclear transfer of donor nuclei into recipient oocytes, whose own nuclear DNA has been removed, can result in large numbers of identical individuals. Moreover, clones can be produced using donor cells from sterile animals, such as steers and geldings, and, unlike their genetic source, these clones are fertile. In reality, due to low efficiencies and the high costs of cloning domestic species, only a limited number of identical individuals are generally produced, and these clones are primarily used as breed stock. In addition to providing a means of rescuing and propagating valuable genetics, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research has contributed knowledge that has led to the direct reprogramming of cells (e.g., to induce pluripotent stem cells) and a better understanding of epigenetic regulation during embryonic development. In this review, I provide a broad overview of the historical development of cloning in domestic animals, of its application to the propagation of livestock and transgenic animal production, and of its scientific promise for advancing basic research.SCNT | cloning | nuclear transfer | embryo | livestock

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Section: Propagation Of Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial cloning of domestic animals

Keefer

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

127

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“…iSCNT cells, however, will inherit the mitochondrial DNA of the oocyte donor, in this case the SWR. As described above, differentiation potential and genomic integrity of these cells will need to be determined before use, a process that may prove to be challenging [Lagutina et al, ].…”

Section: The Hope In Artificial Gametesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rewinding the process of mammalian extinction

et al. 2016

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ZOO Dvůr Kr alov e, Dvůr Kr alov e nad Labem, Czech RepublicWith only three living individuals left on this planet, the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) could be considered doomed for extinction. It might still be possible, however, to rescue the (sub)species by combining novel stem cell and assisted reproductive technologies. To discuss the various practical options available to us, we convened a multidisciplinary meeting under the name "Conservation by Cellular Technologies." The outcome of this meeting and the proposed road map that, if successfully implemented, would ultimately lead to a self-sustaining population of an extremely endangered species are outlined here. The ideas discussed here, while centered on the northern white rhinoceros, are equally applicable, after proper adjustments, to other mammals on the brink of extinction. Through implementation of these ideas we hope to establish the Conflicts of interest: None.Oliver A. Ryder and Thomas B. Hildebrandt are of equal seniority.Co-authors, other than first and the two senior authors, are listed by alphabetical order.

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“…But this encryption key is not constant but slowly changes in evolution. Thus, some functions appear lost in organisms derived from interspecies nuclear transfer (Lagutina et al, 2013). …”

Section: Regulated Phenotypic Variation Is a Source Of Evolutionarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Publisher's Note

Sharov

2014

Biosystems

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Natural selection is traditionally viewed as a leading factor of evolution, whereas variation is assumed to be random and non-directional. Any order in variation is attributed to epigenetic or developmental constraints that can hinder the action of natural selection. In contrast I consider the positive role of epigenetic mechanisms in evolution because they provide organisms with opportunities for rapid adaptive change. Because the term “constraint” has negative connotations, I use the term “regulated variation” to emphasize the adaptive nature of phenotypic variation, which helps populations and species to survive and evolve in changing environments. The capacity to produce regulated variation is a phenotypic property, which is not described in the genome. Instead, the genome acts as a switchboard, where mostly random mutations switch “on” or “off” preexisting functional capacities of organism components. Thus, there are two channels of heredity: informational (genomic) and structure-functional (phenotypic). Functional capacities of organisms most likely emerged in a chain of modifications and combinations of more simple ancestral functions. The role of DNA has been to keep records of these changes (without describing the result) so that they can be reproduced in the following generations. Evolutionary opportunities include adjustments of individual functions, multitasking, connection between various components of an organism, and interaction between organisms. The adaptive nature of regulated variation can be explained by the differential success of lineages in macro-evolution. Lineages with more advantageous patterns of regulated variation are likely to produce more species and secure more resources (i.e., long-term lineage selection).

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Interspecies Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer: Advancements and Problems

Cited by 45 publications

References 109 publications

Artificial cloning of domestic animals

Artificial cloning of domestic animals

Rewinding the process of mammalian extinction

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