Interspecies Scaling in Blast Pulmonary Trauma

Wood, Garrett W.; Panzer, Matthew B.; Cox, Courtney A.; Bass, Cameron R.

doi:10.1007/s41314-018-0013-1

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In fact, rodents are more vulnerable to be suffered from BLI under blast shock wave because of lower normalized lung density. 29 Notably, the structure, physiological function and injury responses in the lung of large animals are more similarly to that of human. Therefore, large animals (such as goat) are more valuable to explore the mechanisms of BLI, which may provide the guidance for the clinical treatment of BLI in human.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global gene expression profiling of blast lung injury of goats exposed to shock wave

Wang

Zhang

Gao³

et al. 2020

Chinese Journal of Traumatology

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Purpose Blast lung injury (BLI) is the most common damage resulted from explosion-derived shock wave in military, terrorism and industrial accidents. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BLI induced by shock wave are still unclear. Methods In this study, a goat BLI model was established by a fuel air explosive power. The key genes involved in were identified. The goats of the experimental group were fixed on the edge of the explosion cloud, while the goats of the control group were 3 km far away from the explosive environment. After successful modeling for 24 h, all the goats were sacrificed and the lung tissue was harvested for histopathological observation and RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to identify the main enriched biological functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the consistency of gene expression. Results Of the sampled goat lungs, 895 genes were identified to be significantly differentially expressed, and they were involved in 52 significantly enriched GO categories. KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were highly enriched in 26 pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, antifolate resistance, arachidonic acid metabolism, amoebiasis and bile secretion, JAK-STAT, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Furthermore, 15 key DEGs involved in the biological processes of BLI were confirmed by qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with RNA sequencing. Conclusion Gene expression profiling provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of BLI, which will help to set strategy for treating lung injury and preventing secondary lung injury induced by shock wave.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global gene expression profiling of blast lung injury of goats exposed to shock wave

Wang

Zhang

Gao³

et al. 2020

Chinese Journal of Traumatology

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“…Employing small-scale models rather than the prototype, which is called scaling, has been utilized in a variety of engineering applications such as impact mechanics, 5–9 fracture and fatigue, 10–14 vibration, 15–19 earthquake engineering, 20–24 and biomechanics. 25–29 The most well-known similitude law which has been known as the replica scaling method has widely been used 4,30,31 to predict the response behavior of the prototype by performing experimental tests on geometrically similar small-scale structures, while the requirement to employ the same material is a real impediment to its practical application. Other deficiencies which are real barriers to the practical application of conventional scaling methodologies 4–31 can be listed as: (i) the inability to systematically capture the different material properties of full-scale and small-scale models; (ii) the inability to systematically scale the geometry anisotropically; (iii) a limited number of independent degrees of freedom, and (iv) the inability to simultaneously fix two different prope...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental investigation into finite similitude for concrete structures

Momeni,

Alijani,

Rad

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Currently, available conventional scaling methodologies are suffering from many deficiencies, which the most important ones can be listed as: (i) the inability to systematically capture the different material properties of full- and small-scale models, (ii) the inability to simultaneously fix two parameters having the same unit, and (iii) a limited number of independent degrees of freedom. To overcome these issues, a new theory called finite similitude has recently been developed. This paper aims to employ the recently introduced finite similitude theory for the scaled analysis of concrete structures. By conducting static three-point bending test on concrete beams at distinct scales, it is revealed that the response behavior of the prototype can be predicted to a good accuracy using small-scale trial models. Scaled-down models are designed based on the zeroth-order finite similitude theory and made from same and different granulations than the prototype. Also, the developed zeroth-order based scaling methodology enables us to experiment scaled-down plaster-rock structures rather than concrete structures. It is found that small-scale plaster-rock models, which can be prepared in much less time and at a lower cost, predict both local and global response behavior of the full-scale concrete structure with a high accuracy. Moreover, using the first-order finite similitude theory to take into account the elastic behavior and considering the scaled-down plaster-rock models as the second trial models, predictions of small-scale concrete models from the local response behavior of the full-scale model are significantly enhanced.

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Human Subject Research Protection Ethics in the Research and Development (R&D) of Non-lethal Weapons

Mezzacappa

2020

Journal of Military Ethics

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Interspecies Scaling in Blast Pulmonary Trauma

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Global gene expression profiling of blast lung injury of goats exposed to shock wave

Global gene expression profiling of blast lung injury of goats exposed to shock wave

An experimental investigation into finite similitude for concrete structures

Human Subject Research Protection Ethics in the Research and Development (R&D) of Non-lethal Weapons

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