Interspecies differences in the pharmacokinetics of kanamycin and apramycin

Abstract

Comparative studies on some selected pharmacokinetic parameters for kanamycin in sheep, goats, rabbits, chickens and pigeons, and for apramycin in sheep, rabbits, chickens and pigeons were carried out after intravenous administration of the two drugs at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The results revealed that a two-compartment open model was most suitable for kanamycin, while for apramycin a one-compartment open model was usually optimal. The log distribution rate constant (alpha) of kanamycin was significantly correlated to the log of the body mass (r = 0.919, n = 5, p < 0.05). Interspecies differences in the apparent volume of distribution (Vda) of kanamycin were small. These differences were larger for apramycin, as were the variations in the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) and in the total body clearance (ClB) of both kanamycin and apramycin, both having almost a threefold difference depending on the species but without any correlation to body mass. The values of the log half-life of kanamycin in the mammals in this study and also those from data in the literature revealed a significant correlation with log body mass between animal species according to the equation: t1/2 beta = 38.47W0.21 (r = 0.7648, n = 10, p < 0.05).

Real-time measurement of small molecules directly in awake, ambulatory animals

“…2B). The 200 μM maximum concentration observed after a 10 mg/kg dose was in agreement with peak plasma concentrations determined previously (using cumbersome, poorly time-resolved ex vivo radioimmunoassays) after similar doses were injected into multiple animal species (36). The sensor can likewise monitor in real time the in vivo concentrations of the aminoglycosides gentamycin (Fig.…”

Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin and apramycin in turkeys roosters and hens in the context of pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationships

“…, 1989, 1990; Itoh & Okada, 1993; Ramsay & Vulliet, 1993) and apramycin (Freidlin et al. , 1985; Shiha, 1987; Lashev et al. , 1992; Lashev, 1998) have already been established in poultry using microbiologic and radioimmunoassay and the reported data are comparable with our results.…”

“…The PKs of apramycin, an aminocyclitol drug, has been investigated in chickens but only limited data exist for other bird species, including turkeys (Freidlin et al. , 1985; Shiha, 1987; Lashev et al. , 1992; Lashev, 1998).…”

“…, 1990), was 5.75 mg/kg. Using the data for the value of Cl B , calculated by Lashev et al. (1992) after i.v.…”

“…The PKs of apramycin, an aminocyclitol drug, has been investigated in chickens but only limited data exist for other bird species, including turkeys (Freidlin et al, 1985;Shiha, 1987;Lashev et al, 1992;Lashev, 1998). Apramycin has low values of volume of distribution, but higher than gentamicin, significantly different values of Cl B and therefore differences in t 1/2b have been reported.…”