Intersexuality in chironomidae induced by nematode parasitism

Rempel, J. G.

doi:10.1002/jez.1400840208

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The effect on secondary sexual characters usually can be interpreted as juvenilization of the host (Reinhard, 1956;Wiilker, 1964), the exceptions being cases where the parasite is external and occupies the location of the eggs in eggbearing females, e.g., sacculinization (parasitization by sacculinid crustacea) of some crabs (Hartnoll, 1967). Secondary sexual characters directly involved in mating or finding a mate are in some cases reduced in size (Rempel, 1940;Nielsen, 1970;Hartnoll, 1962Hartnoll, , 1967. Secondary sexual characters involved in competition for mates are also usually reduced in size and their condition is more similar to those found in nonaggressive conspecifics (Reverberi, 1943;Baffoni, 1948).…”

Section: Effects On the Host's Secondary Sexual Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parasitized male chironomids show a reduction in the complexity of their antennae and tarsi (Rempel, 1940). This reduction suggests either a reduction in their matesearching behavior or a reduction in their ability to find mates.…”

Section: Effects On Host Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the literature mentions many cases of presumed sex reversals due to parasitic castration (Cattley, 1948;Rempel, 1940;Potts, 1906;Okada and Miyashita, 1935), most of them could equally well be interpreted as retention of juvenile characteristics (Brandenburg, 1953;Reinhard, 1956;Wlilker, 1964). This statement cannot be applied to cases of parasitism of holometabolous insects, since the immature is a larva not at all like the adult.…”

Section: Sex Reversalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host Castration as a Parasitic Strategy

1975

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Section: Effects On the Host's Secondary Sexual Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects On Host Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sex Reversalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host Castration as a Parasitic Strategy

1975

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“…In fact, mermithids have been reported only indirectly from stream bottom Cricotopus species. Both Edwards (1931) and Rempel (1940) reported intersexes of C. biformis Edw. and C. exiles Joh.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Description and development of Gastromermis anisotis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a parasite in a quadritrophic system involving a cyanobacterium, midge and virus

Poinar¹,

Poinar²

2003

Nematol

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This paper reports the results of a 25 year study on an obligate quadritrophic system involving a midge, Cricotopus nostocicola (Diptera: Chironomidae), its cyanobacterial food source, Nostoc parmeliodes (Nostocales), a new species of nematode parasite of the midge, Gastromermis anisotis sp. n. .Mermithidae), and a virus infecting the nematode. Occurring in a mountain stream in California, the components of this system are adapted for survival at temperatures just above freezing (4-8 ± C). Developmental studies of the nematode include mating, oviposition, egg hatch, host penetration, parasitic development, free-living habits, spermatogenesis, platelet structure, and virus infection. Rates of parasitism varied between 5-42% over the 25 year period. The nematode was considered to be the most signi cant biological control agent of Cricotopus populations in the stream.The present study, which has been conducted over a 25 year period in a mountain stream in northern California, provides a detailed account of a new species of Mermithidae (Nematoda) that is one component of a unique, obligate quadritrophic system involving Nostoc thalli, herbivorous midges, a parasitoid nematode and an infectious virus. The chironomid/Nostoc/mermithid association was rst noted by Brock (1960) who studied the relationship between the midge and its Nostoc food source, concluding that it represented a case of mutualism. We describe the mermithid nematode, provide new information on its biology and developmentand discuss the system as a unique quadritrophic food web involving three levels of parasitism.

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“…1, B) there was a narrow vertex and some differentiation of the eye facets. The appearance of these individuals may have been due to parasitism, as has been reported in certain chironomids (Rempel, 1940;Freeman, 1955), but it is not known if these two individuals of S. exiguum contained mermithid worms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Simuliidae (Diptera) From the Human Onchocerciasis Area of Venezuela

Lewis

1963

Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Serie

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Intersexuality in chironomidae induced by nematode parasitism

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Host Castration as a Parasitic Strategy

Host Castration as a Parasitic Strategy

Description and development of Gastromermis anisotis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a parasite in a quadritrophic system involving a cyanobacterium, midge and virus

Simuliidae (Diptera) From the Human Onchocerciasis Area of Venezuela

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