Intersectional Effects of Race and Educational Attainment on Memory Function of Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Alzheimer’s Disease

Rahmani, Arash; Najand, Babak; Sonnega, Amanda; Akhlaghipour, Golnoush; Mendez, Mario F.; Assari, Shervin

doi:10.1007/s40615-022-01499-w

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Potential explanations for the lack of association between purpose in life and global cognition in our study include the existence of a threshold effect whereby purposeful living can yield cognitive benefits in Hispanic/Latino adults and differences in the larger socioeconomic context between our population of interest and non-Hispanic white adults, which may contribute to differential associations between purpose in life and cognition across racial and ethnic groups. 49 We found no association between cognitive change and social network embeddedness, subjective social status, and ethnic discrimination. Few studies have been conducted on this topic among middleaged and older adults, making comparisons across studies difficult.…”

Section: Associations Of All Psychosocial Factors (Baseline Z-scores)...contrasting

confidence: 59%

“…Given the limited research on purpose in life and cognition in Hispanic/Latino adults, additional research is needed to confirm our findings and to further elucidate whether a longer follow‐up time is needed to observe an association. Potential explanations for the lack of association between purpose in life and global cognition in our study include the existence of a threshold effect whereby purposeful living can yield cognitive benefits in Hispanic/Latino adults and differences in the larger socioeconomic context between our population of interest and non‐Hispanic white adults, which may contribute to differential associations between purpose in life and cognition across racial and ethnic groups 49 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Psychosocial factors associated with 7‐year change in cognition among middle‐aged and older Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA) and Sociocultural ancillary studies

Estrella,

Tarraf,

Kuwayama

et al. 2023

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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INTRODUCTIONFew studies have examined the associations of psychosocial factors with cognitive change in Hispanics/Latinos.METHODSData from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (HCHS/SOL INCA) and Sociocultural studies were used (n = 2,155; ages ≥45 years). Psychosocial exposures included intrapersonal (ethnic identity, optimism, purpose in life), interpersonal (family cohesion, familism, social networks, social support), and social factors (ethnic discrimination, loneliness, subjective social status). Survey‐linear regression models examined associations between psychosocial exposures and 7‐year cognitive change (global cognition [GC], verbal learning, memory, word fluency [WF], and digit symbol substitution [DSS]).RESULTSFamilism predicted decline in GC, verbal learning, and memory; family cohesion predicted DSS decline; and loneliness predicted memory decline. Ethnic identity was protective against decline in GC and memory, optimism and social support were protective against decline in memory, and purpose in life was protective against WF decline.DISCUSSIONPsychosocial factors are differentially related to cognitive changes. Culturally relevant factors should be explored in Hispanic/Latino cognitive aging research.Highlights Psychosocial factors are differentially related to cognitive changes in Latinos. Role of culturally relevant factors on cognition should be further explored. Familism predicted decline in global cognition, verbal learning, and memory. Ethnic identity predicted increase in global cognition and memory.

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Section: Associations Of All Psychosocial Factors (Baseline Z-scores)...contrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Psychosocial factors associated with 7‐year change in cognition among middle‐aged and older Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA) and Sociocultural ancillary studies

Estrella,

Tarraf,

Kuwayama

et al. 2023

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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“…Education is often used as a proxy for cognitive reserve, and high levels of education are generally recognized as being protective. However, while educational attainment was protective against memory loss in ADNI White participants, this effect was not observed in Black participants 283 . This may reflect a lower quality of education experienced by Black/African‐American older adults or a combination of other factors that contribute to ethnocultural health disparities.…”

Section: Adni's Contributions To Understanding Ad Disease Progressionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, while educational attainment was protective against memory loss in ADNI White participants, this effect was not observed in Black participants. 283 This may reflect a lower quality of education experienced by Black/African‐American older adults or a combination of other factors that contribute to ethnocultural health disparities. Caution should therefore be taken in interpreting ADNI studies of cognitive reserve using education as a proxy.…”

Section: Adni's Contributions To Understanding Ad Disease Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in the era of Alzheimer's disease treatment: A review of ADNI studies from 2021 to 2022

Veitch,

Weiner,

Miller

et al. 2023

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) aims to improve Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. Since 2006, ADNI has shared clinical, neuroimaging, and cognitive data, and biofluid samples. We used conventional search methods to identify 1459 publications from 2021 to 2022 using ADNI data/samples and reviewed 291 impactful studies. This review details how ADNI studies improved disease progression understanding and clinical trial efficiency. Advances in subject selection, detection of treatment effects, harmonization, and modeling improved clinical trials and plasma biomarkers like phosphorylated tau showed promise for clinical use. Biomarkers of amyloid beta, tau, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and others were prognostic with individualized prediction algorithms available online. Studies supported the amyloid cascade, emphasized the importance of neuroinflammation, and detailed widespread heterogeneity in disease, linked to genetic and vascular risk, co‐pathologies, sex, and resilience. Biological subtypes were consistently observed. Generalizability of ADNI results is limited by lack of cohort diversity, an issue ADNI‐4 aims to address by enrolling a diverse cohort.

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Parental Education and Adolescents’ Asthma: The Role of Ethnicity

2023

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While high parental education is associated with better health, this association may be weaker for ethnic minority than for ethnic majority families. It is unknown whether the association between parental education and adolescents’ asthma also varies by ethnicity. Aim: To study the association between parental education and adolescents’ asthma overall and by ethnicity. Methods: The current study used data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH)-Adolescents study. All participants were 12 to 17-year-old non-smokers (n = 8652). The outcome of interest was adolescents’ asthma. The predictor of interest was baseline parental education, the covariates were age, sex, and number of parents present at baseline, and the moderator was ethnicity. Results: According to logistic regression analyses, higher parental education was predictive of adolescents’ asthma; however, this association was weaker for Latino than non-Latino adolescents (OR 1.771; CI 1.282–2.446). We did not find a significant difference in the effect of parental education on asthma of White and African American adolescents. Our stratified models also showed that higher parental education was associated with lower asthma for non-Latino but not for Latino adolescents. Conclusion: The effect of high parental education on adolescents’ asthma prevalence differs between Latino and non-Latino families, with Latino families showing weaker protective effects of parental education on adolescents’ asthma. Future research should test the role of exposure to environmental pollutants, neighborhood quality, and prevalence of smoking in social network members as well as other contextual factors at home, in school, and in the neighborhood that may increase prevalence of asthma in Latino adolescents regardless of their parental education. Given that these potential causes are multi-level, potential causes of such disparities should be tested in future multi-level research.

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Intersectional Effects of Race and Educational Attainment on Memory Function of Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 98 publications

Psychosocial factors associated with 7‐year change in cognition among middle‐aged and older Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA) and Sociocultural ancillary studies

Psychosocial factors associated with 7‐year change in cognition among middle‐aged and older Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA) and Sociocultural ancillary studies

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in the era of Alzheimer's disease treatment: A review of ADNI studies from 2021 to 2022

Parental Education and Adolescents’ Asthma: The Role of Ethnicity

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