Interruption Management: The Use of Attention-Directing Tactile Cues

Hopp, Pamela J.; Smith, Catharine L.; Clegg, Benjamin A.; Heggestad, Eric D.

doi:10.1518/0018720053653884

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Several studies have demonstrated the usefulness of tactile information input in multi-task situations (Hopp, Smith, Clegg, & Heggestad, 2005;Sarter, 2002Sarter, , 2001Sklar & Sarter, 1999;Van Erp, 2001;. Tactile systems have proved particularly effective when other information channels are overloaded or distorted (e.g., auditory channel in a noisy environment; visual channel when visibility is low).…”

Section: Multiple Resource Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile Guidance for Land Navigation

Elliot¹,

Redden²,

Pettitt³

et al. 2006

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.ii REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)June 2006 ARL-TR-3814 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBERS DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited.. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTThis study compared a tactile land navigation system to two operational systems with visual information displays. "Front end" workload and task analyses identified land navigation as having high and conflicting workload. The tactile display was expected to ameliorate the high visual and cognitive workload per Multiple Resource Theory (Wickens, 2002). Fifteen infantry Soldiers navigated three equivalent 1800-meter routes using each of three systems: (a) the personal tactile navigator (PTN) tactile system, (b) the U.S. Army precision lightweight GPS (global positioning system) receiver (PLGR), which is a hand-held GPS with an alpha-numeric display, and (c) the traditional compass system. Note: Each soldier traversed each lane with different navigation systems; we counterbalanced the order in which they used the systems and the lanes that were walked with each system in order to control for any effects attributable to order (such as fatigue) or to the lane itself.The PLGR system was predicted to enhance performance relative to the compass system because of reduced cognitive demands. The PTN system was predicted to enhance performance relative to both PLGR and compass systems because of (a) reduced cognitive demand from more intuitive display (e.g., following direction of tactor) and (b) off load from visual attention demand. Soldiers performed more quickly and accurately when using the PLGR and tactile systems, relative to a compass. However, there was no significant difference between GPS and tactile systems. This is likely because of the low need for focal visual attention during navigation in this experiment; there was not as much interference with the occasional use of a visual display. However, visual attention demand increa...

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Section: Multiple Resource Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile Guidance for Land Navigation

Elliot¹,

Redden²,

Pettitt³

et al. 2006

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“…In order to improve user performance it has been suggested the use of cues signaling when the secondary task requires attention [17]. This suggests that providing an external mnemonic may greatly benefit performance for people who deal with safety critical interruptions and prospective memory tasks.…”

Section: Surviving Interruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current literature about interruptions in human computer interaction addresses this problem from one the following different perspectives: a) psychology of human interruption [29]; b) technologies for improving the quality of interruption generation [23]; c) HCI methods for brokering interruptions [17]; d) the effects of interruptions in work settings [28]; and e) case studies describing the results of introducing technologies into the workplace in an attempt to improve coordination performance [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A formal approach supporting the comparative predictive assessment of the interruption-tolerance of interactive systems

Palanque

Winckler

Ladry

et al. 2009

Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems

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This paper presents an approach for investigating in a predictive way potential disruptive effects of interruptions on task performance in a multitasking environment. The approach combines previous work in the field of interruption analysis, formal description techniques for interactive systems and stochastic processes to support performance analysis of user activities constrained by the occurrence of interruptions. The approach uses formal description techniques to provide a precise description of user tasks, and both system and interruptions behavior. The detailed mechanism by which systems and interruptions behave is first described using a Petri nets-based formal description technique called Interactive Cooperative Objects (ICO). The use of a formal modeling technique for the description of these three components makes it possible to compare and analyze different interaction techniques. In particular, it allows us to determine which of the system states are most affected by the occurrence of interruptions. Once composed together, models describing the system, user tasks and interruptions behavior are transformed into PEPA models (i.e. Performance Evaluation Process Algebra) that are amenable to performance analysis using the PRISM model checker. The approach is exemplified by a simple example that models two interaction techniques for manipulating icons in a desktop environment.

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“…Tactile interfaces have even been used to support the orientation awareness of astronauts in micro-gravity environments (van Erp & van Veen, 2000). A growing number of studies have also started to investigate the potential for using tactile displays to provide route finding information to travelers van Erp, van Veen, Jansen, & Dobbins, 2005; see also Nagel, Carl, Kringe, Martin, & Konig, 2005), to improve the perception and composition of music (Gunther & O'Modhrain, 2003), to cue driver attention in vehicular settings (e.g., Ho, Tan, & Spence, 2005, 2006Lee, Hoffman, & Hayes, 2004), to provide silent alerts to mobile phone users (Brown & Kaaresoja, 2006;Brown, Brewster, & Purchase, 2006b), and/or to manipulate a user's visual attention in a variety of multisensory task settings (e.g., Gray & Tan, 2002;Hopp, Smith, Clegg, & Heggestad, 2005;Hopp-Levine, Smith, Clegg, & Heggestad, 2006;Tan, Gray, Young, & Traylor, 2003).…”

Section: Tactile Processing Across the Body Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

The Body Surface as a Communication System: The State of the Art after 50 Years

Gallace

Tan

Spence

2007

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

105

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The suggestion that the body surface might be used as an additional means of presenting information to human-machine operators has been around in the literature for nearly 50 years. Although recent technological advances have made the possibility of using the body as a receptive surface much more realistic, the fundamental limitations on the human information processing of tactile stimuli presented across the body surface are, however, still largely unknown. This literature review provides an overview of studies that have attempted to use vibrotactile interfaces to convey information to human operators. The importance of investigating any possible central cognitive limitations (i.e., rather than the peripheral limitations, such as related to sensory masking, that were typically addressed in earlier research) on tactile processing for the most effective design of body interfaces is highlighted. The applicability of the constraints emerging from studies of tactile processing under conditions of unisensory (i.e., purely tactile) stimulus presentation, to more ecologically valid conditions of multisensory stimulation, is also discussed. Finally, the results obtained from recent studies of tactile information processing under conditions of multisensory stimulation are described, and their implications for haptic/tactile interface design elucidated. IntroductionWe chose to begin this paper with a quote from one of the first and foremost researchers to have systematically approached the problem of cutaneous communication using the body surface. The quote, dating from 1960, and the paper from which the quote was taken, nicely highlight the novel interest in the topic as well as the technological constraints limiting the study of tactile information processing across the body at the time that Frank Geldard was writing. What's more, the choice of the date for such a citation is by no means accidental, given that in 1960 a group of investigators conferred at Fort Knox, Kentucky in order to discuss the basic problems associated with any attempt to communicate through the skin (see Hawkes, 1960, for a summary of the papers presented at that symposium). Therefore, we believe that 1960 can, in some sense, be taken to represent the "symbolic" birth of the first extensive research in this field. The place of the meeting was by no means coincidental either, given the strategic importance at that time (and even today), of studying novel means of communication for both military and civilian purposes.Nearly 50 years later, technology has moved on a long way, and a new wave of interest has recently started to resurface regarding the theoretical and practical ad-

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Interruption Management: The Use of Attention-Directing Tactile Cues

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Tactile Guidance for Land Navigation

Tactile Guidance for Land Navigation

A formal approach supporting the comparative predictive assessment of the interruption-tolerance of interactive systems

The Body Surface as a Communication System: The State of the Art after 50 Years

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