Interrupting transmission of COVID-19: lessons from containment efforts in Singapore

Lee, Vernon J.; Chiew, Calvin J; Khong, Wei Xin

doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa039

Cited by 363 publications

(348 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…However, it is worth noting that Singapore did not mandate the closure of schools and yet still did not detect any household clusters of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with children as the index case. 13,67 Similarly, should children have fewer interactions outside the home it would suggest that children would be unlikely to be the index case in any household transmission event. In contrast, our analysis of household transmission clusters of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza show that children were frequently the index case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis on the role of children in SARS-CoV-2 in household transmission clusters

Zhu

Bloxham

Hulme

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: Since its identification on the 7 th of January 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has spread to more than 180 countries worldwide, causing >11,000 deaths. At present, viral disease and transmission amongst children is incompletely understood. Specifically, there is concern that children could be an important source of SARS-CoV-2 in household transmission clusters. METHODS:We performed an observational study analysing literature published between December 2019 and March 2020 of the clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 in children and descriptions of household transmission clusters of SARS-CoV-2. In these studies the index case of each cluster defined as the individual in the household cluster who first developed symptoms.FINDINGS: Drawing on studies from China, Singapore, South Korea, Japan, and Iran a broad range of clinical symptoms were observed in children. These ranged from asymptomatic to severe disease. Of the 31 household transmission clusters that were identified, 9.7% (3/31) were identified as having a paediatric index case. This is in contrast other zoonotic infections (namely H5N1 influenza virus) where 54% (30/56) of transmission clusters identified children as the index case.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis on the role of children in SARS-CoV-2 in household transmission clusters

Zhu

Bloxham

Hulme

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Several countries that had been hit hard by the SARS and MERS epidemics implemented comprehensive testing strategies that aimed to test every infected person and every person who was exposed to an infected person. [1][2][3] In many other countries, more limited testing strategies are used, where testing is restricted to a subset of the infected. Typical criteria required to qualify for testing are severe symptoms; prior contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case; belonging to a "high-risk" group; or a combination of these and other restrictions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe underestimation of COVID-19 case numbers: effect of epidemic growth rate and test restrictions

Richterich¹

2020

Preprint

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To understand the scope and development of the COVID-19 pandemic, knowledge of the number of infected persons is essential. Often, the number of "confirmed cases", which is based on positive RT-PCR test results, is regarded as a reasonable indicator. However, limited COVID-19 test capacities in many countries are restricting the amount of testing that can be done. This can lead to the implementation of testing policies that restrict access to COVID-19 tests, and to testing backlogs and delays. As a result, confirmed case numbers can be significantly lower than the actual number of infections, especially during rapid growth phases of the epidemic.This study examines the quantitative relation between infections and reported confirmed case numbers for two different testing strategies, "limited" and "inclusive" testing, in relation to the growth rate of the epidemic. The results indicate that confirmed case numbers understate the actual number of infections substantially; during rapid growth phases where the daily growth rate can reach or exceed 30%, as has been seen in many countries, the confirmed case numbers under-report actual infections by up to 50 to 100-fold.

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“…These include community lockdown, travel and movement restrictions, and cancelation of events and non-essential gatherings [2]. Data suggests that countries which implemented decisive and early interventions may have helped in reducing the spread of the disease and flattening their epidemic curves [3,4]. Countries with previous experience of coronavirus outbreaks, notably Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), such as Singapore, are a good example [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 social distancing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Bold measures in the face of political, economic, social and religious challenges

Yezli

Khan

2020

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

315

335

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Interrupting transmission of COVID-19: lessons from containment efforts in Singapore

Cited by 363 publications

References 3 publications

A meta-analysis on the role of children in SARS-CoV-2 in household transmission clusters

A meta-analysis on the role of children in SARS-CoV-2 in household transmission clusters

Severe underestimation of COVID-19 case numbers: effect of epidemic growth rate and test restrictions

COVID-19 social distancing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Bold measures in the face of political, economic, social and religious challenges

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