Interrow Cultivation to Reduce Herbicide Use in Corn following Alfalfa without Tillage

Buhler, Douglas D.; Doll, Jerry D.; Proost, Richard T.; Visocky, Mark R.

doi:10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010013x

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The best overall weed control, however, was typically achieved with the herbicide‐intensive treatments (Treatments 1–4) with more than a 98% reduction in weed biomass compared to the weedy check treatments. These results agree with previous research showing that the high residue cultivator (with and without other mechanical weed control operations) is not consistently equivalent to herbicide‐intensive systems (Eadie et al, 1992; Buhler et al, 1994, 1995; Paarlberg et al, 1998; Hanna et al, 2000) and will likely need to be supplemented with additional management tactics.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…High residue inter‐row cultivators are also commercially available, which are modified versions of a standard inter‐row cultivator designed to handle high residue and no‐till conditions (Springman et al, 1989; Bowman, 1997; Paarlberg et al, 1998; Hanna et al, 2000). Previous studies have reported that high residue cultivation alone did not typically provide adequate weed control, but the addition of banded residual herbicides over the crop row provided much needed in‐row weed control in these systems (Eadie et al, 1992; Buhler et al, 1994, 1995). We believed there was further opportunity to improve the weed control efficacy of these systems by integrating the high residue cultivator with the vertical coulter/rotary harrow and/or high residue rotary hoe.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Integrating Mechanical and Reduced Chemical Weed Control in Conservation Tillage Corn

et al. 2012

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Conservation tillage for corn (Zea mays L.) production has greatly reduced the soil erosion potential in these systems, but relies heavily on herbicides to manage weeds. Overreliance on herbicides can lead to the development of herbicide-resistant weed communities and increase the risk of ground and surface water contamination by residual herbicides. Th is study evaluates the integration of various mechanical soil/weed management implements and herbicide programs for surface residue cover, weed control, corn productivity, and economic net returns. A pre-plant vertical coulter/rotary harrow tended to control small annual weeds as well as a standard burn down herbicide program, but reduced surface residue cover by 15% compared to the no-till check treatments. Th e high residue rotary hoe had little eff ect on surface residue cover, but provided inconsistent early-season weed control. Th e high residue inter-row cultivator resulted in 23% residue cover compared to 50% in the no-till treatments, but reduced weed biomass by 53% without any supplemental residual herbicides and 88% with a banded residual herbicide compared to the weedy check treatment. Crop productivity and net return data suggest that integrating the vertical coulter/rotary harrow, high residue cultivator, and banded residual herbicide program could reduce herbicide ai rates by 70% and still achieve similar corn yields and economic returns as the herbicide intensive systems. Such integrated mechanical-chemical systems will increase the crop management complexity for farmers, which may hinder adoption. Soil erosion potential of the integrated systems requires further in-depth evaluation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Integrating Mechanical and Reduced Chemical Weed Control in Conservation Tillage Corn

et al. 2012

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“…Cultivating no-tillage corn without herbicides provided 62-79% weed control when following a previous corn crop (Buhler et al, 1995). Two cultivations without herbicide provided 63-82% control of broadleaf populations, but one cultivation gave 36-56% broadleaf control for no-tillage com following a previous alfalfa crop (Buhler et al, 1994).…”

Section: Weed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultivation, alone, often does not provide adequate weed control, but the combination of cultivation plus banded herbicide in the crop row has controlled weeds and permitted production of crop yields equivalent to those obtained with broadcast herbicides (Buhler et al, 1994(Buhler et al, , 1995Hanna et al, 2000;Hartzler et al, 1993;Mulder and Doll, 1993;Mt. Pleasant et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical versus herbicidal strategies for killing a hairy vetch cover crop and controlling weeds in minimum-tillage corn production

Teasdale¹,

Rosecrance

2003

Am J Alt Ag

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Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0889189300000503How to cite this article: John R. Teasdale and Richard C. Rosecrance (2003). Mechanical versus herbicidal strategies for killing a hairy vetch cover crop and controlling weeds in minimum-tillage corn production.Abstract. The development of production systems that provide the benefits of reduced tillage and also reduce or eliminate herbicide inputs presents a challenge to practitioners of sustainable agriculture. This research was conducted to evaluate management approaches for minimum-tillage corn production in a hairy vetch cover crop, specifically, mechanical versus herbicidal methods for pre-plant cover-crop kill and for post-emergence control of emerged weeds. Pre-plant treatments included 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] plus residual herbicides, 2,4-D alone, flail mower, corn stalk chopper, light disk and heavy disk. The pre-plant herbicide treatments were followed by a post-emergence treatment of dicamba, whereas the pre-plant mechanical treatments were followed by post-emergence cultivation, as needed, for weed control. The mechanical treatments that kept residue on the soil surface (mower, stalk chopper and light disk) killed hairy vetch when it was flowering, but not when vegetative. The herbicide treatment with pre-plant 2,4-D alone, followed by dicamba post-emergence, controlled annual broadleaf weeds (the dominant species in these experiments) similarly to treatment with 2,4-D plus residual herbicides, suggesting that residual herbicides may be eliminated in cover-crop-based no-tillage systems. The pre-plant mechanical treatments followed by cultivation did not control annual broadleaf weeds as well as herbicide treatments, but did maintain final populations below threshold levels in two of four experiments. The stalk chopper and light disk left high levels of vetch residue on the soil surface, and reduced initial broadleaf weed populations compared with the heavy disk that incorporated residue. However, broadleaf weed populations were reduced with less efficiency by cultivation of untilled soil following the stalk chopper or light disk (38-69%) than by cultivation of tilled soil following the heavy disk (87-95%). Thus, although maintaining surface cover-crop residue without tillage initially reduced weed emergence, it also reduced the efficiency of cultivation, leading to similar final weed populations in all mechanical-based, pre-plant treatments.

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“…With banding, application rates and costs are one‐half to one‐third of conventional broadcast applications. Weeds between the treated bands are controlled by mechanical cultivation (Buhler et al, 1994). In addition to reducing application rates, banding and cultivation also affect herbicide transport through changes in weed growth and surface hydrology including runoff (Hansen et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Herbicide Banding and Tillage System Interactions on Runoff Losses of Alachlor and Cyanazine

et al. 2001

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Herbicides transported to surface waters by agricultural runoff are partitioned between solution and solid phases. Conservation tillage that reduces upland erosion will also reduce transport of herbicides associated with the solid phase. However, transport of many herbicides occurs predominantly in solution. Conservation tillage practices may or may not reduce transport of solution-phase herbicides, as this depends on the runoff volume. Reducing herbicide application rate is another approach to minimize off-site transport. Herbicide banding can reduce herbicide application rates and costs by one-half or more. Our objective was to compare herbicide losses in runoff from different tillage practices and with band- or broadcast-applied herbicides. The herbicides alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] and cyanazine [2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile] were broadcast- or band-applied to plots managed in a moldboard plow, chisel plow, or ridge till system. Herbicide concentration in runoff was largest for the first runoff event occurring after application and then decreased in subsequent events proportional to the cumulative rain since the herbicide application. When herbicides were broadcast-applied, losses of alachlor and cyanazine in runoff followed the order: moldboard plow > chisel plow > ridge till. Conservation tillage systems reduced runoff loss of herbicides by reducing runoff volume and not the herbicide concentration in runoff. Herbicide banding reduced the concentration and loss of herbicides in runoff compared with the broadcast application. Herbicide losses in the water phase averaged 88 and 97% of the total loss for alachlor and cyanazine, respectively. Cyanazine was more persistent than alachlor in the soil.

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Interrow Cultivation to Reduce Herbicide Use in Corn following Alfalfa without Tillage

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Integrating Mechanical and Reduced Chemical Weed Control in Conservation Tillage Corn

Integrating Mechanical and Reduced Chemical Weed Control in Conservation Tillage Corn

Mechanical versus herbicidal strategies for killing a hairy vetch cover crop and controlling weeds in minimum-tillage corn production

Herbicide Banding and Tillage System Interactions on Runoff Losses of Alachlor and Cyanazine

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