Interrelationships of Ethylene and Abscisic Acid in the Control of Rose Petal Senescence

Mayak, Shimon; Halevy, A. H.

doi:10.1104/pp.50.3.341

Cited by 104 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Xanthi), pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Saccarifera) were grown in a greenhouse under natural lighting at temperatures between 20 and 30 C. Details on age and location of the leaves used are described in the legends of tables and figures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less attention was paid to the changing pattern of ethylene production by leaf blades during their senescence. Some studies in which ethylene production by the whole leaf was measured revealed a decrease in ethylene production with leaf age (12,13,20,23) climacteric in fruits. This study did not distinguish between the contribution of the tomato petiole and leaf blade to the ethylene production pattern observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Ehtylene Production in Senescing Leaves

1979

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Changes in the patterns of ethylene production, chlorophyll content, and respiration were studied in relation to the senescence of intact leaves and leaf discs. The primary leaves of pinto bean, which abscise readily during natural senescence, and tobacco and sugar beet leaves, which do not abscise, were used. A decrease in the rate of ethylene production and respiration, during the slow phase of chlorophyl degradation, was observed in leaf-blade discs cut from mature leaves and aged in the dark. During rapid chlorophyl loss both ethylene production and respiration increased and then decreased. These climacteric-like patterns were shown by leaf discs of all three species. Discs taken from leaves that had been senescing on the plant also showed a climacteric-like rise in ethylene production but not in respiration, which decreased continuously with leaf age. Climactericlike patterns in the rise of ethylene and respiration for leaf discs were also shown by the petioles of both bean and tobacco leaves. This indicates that the rise of ethylene and respiration is characteristic of the general process of senescence in leaves and is not restricted to the abscission process. In contrast to the ethylene-forming systems in climacteric fruits and many flowers, the one in leaves declines sharply in the early stages of senescence. The subsequent rise of ethylene production appears to be associated with the rapid phase of chlorophyl breakdown, and may indicate the final stage of the senescence process during which ethylene could be actively involved in inducing leaf abscission.Ethylene is known to be involved with both Chl degradation in leaf blades and with the abscission process (9,24, 25). Beyer (6) demonstrated that the leaf blade is the primary receptor site for exogenous ethylene in leaf abscission. Aharoni (1) found that the principal site of ethylene production in response to a short period of water stress was also the blades rather than the petioles of leaves. McAfee and Morgan (21) found that ethylene levels in cotton leaf petioles were two to six times as high as those in leaf blades. Less attention was paid to the changing pattern of ethylene production by leaf blades during their senescence. Some studies in which ethylene production by the whole leaf was measured revealed a decrease in ethylene production with leaf age (12,13,20,23) climacteric in fruits. This study did not distinguish between the contribution of the tomato petiole and leaf blade to the ethylene production pattern observed. Since abscission is directly concerned with the petiole it seemed important to determine patterns of ethylene production in leaf blades and petioles in abscising and nonabscising leaves during senescence. In this study we examined patterns of ethylene production by senescing leaf blades and by leaf petioles with and without abscission zones. The capacity of leaves at various ages to produce ethylene in response to IAA and kinetin was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODSTobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi), pinto be...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Ehtylene Production in Senescing Leaves

1979

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“…Some (10) believe the effect of ABA to be mediated by ethylene, while others (6) consider it to be unrelated to ethylene. Conversely, ethylene has been demonstrated to promote a rise in the level of ABA (8,9,12).In this study, the effect of exogenous ABA and CO2 on ethylene production by cut carnation flowers was examined. enclosed in a 10-liter desiccator.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypobaric ventilation, which lowers ethylene to hyponormal levels within tissues, extended flower longevity and largely negated enhacement of senescence by abscisic acid. Supplementing hypobarically ventilated flowers with ethylene hastened senescence irrespective of abscisic acid treatment.Collectively, the data indicate that abscisic acid hastens senescence of carnations largely as a result of advancing the onset of autocatalytic ethylene production.Abscisic acid and ethylene (together or separately) promote senescence of flowers (1,2,9,12,14). The interaction of abscisic acid and ethylene in the control of senescence has been reviewed by Sacher (17).…”

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Regulation of Senescence in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

Mayak¹,

Dilley²

1976

Plant Physiol.

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Abscisic acid hastened senescence of carnation flowers and this was preceded by stimulation of accelerated ethylene production. Carbon dioxide delayed the onset of autocataytic ethylene production in flowers regardless of treatment with abscisic acid. Flowers exhibited a low and transient climacteric of ethylene production without wilting while in 4% carbon dioxide and underwent accelerated ethylene production colninating in wilting when removed from carbon dioxide. Hypobaric ventilation, which lowers ethylene to hyponormal levels within tissues, extended flower longevity and largely negated enhacement of senescence by abscisic acid. Supplementing hypobarically ventilated flowers with ethylene hastened senescence irrespective of abscisic acid treatment.Collectively, the data indicate that abscisic acid hastens senescence of carnations largely as a result of advancing the onset of autocatalytic ethylene production.Abscisic acid and ethylene (together or separately) promote senescence of flowers (1,2,9,12,14). The interaction of abscisic acid and ethylene in the control of senescence has been reviewed by Sacher (17). Analysis of the interrelationships between these compounds is made difficult by complex interactions with numerous factors (13). Some (10) believe the effect of ABA to be mediated by ethylene, while others (6) consider it to be unrelated to ethylene. Conversely, ethylene has been demonstrated to promote a rise in the level of ABA (8,9,12).In this study, the effect of exogenous ABA and CO2 on ethylene production by cut carnation flowers was examined. enclosed in a 10-liter desiccator. Calcium sulfate was placed in each chamber to lower the humidity and prevent water condensation. The desiccators were maintained at 0.2 atm with constant ventilation (50 ml/min) with a gas mixture of 99.85% 02 and 0.15% CO2 with or without 2.56 ,ul/l ethylene until termination of the experiment. The gas mixtures were premixed in compressed gas cylinders and the composition was verified by gas chromatography. The chambers were opened daily for a brief period to evaluate flower development and renew the CaSO4. The experiment was performed twice in a growth chamber at 20 C under continuous fluorescent light and treatments were in quadruplicate. Other details of the hypobaric ventilation equipment are published (5). MATERIALS AND METHODSCarbon Dioxide Mixtures. Flowers were placed in 10-liter desiccators with CaSO4. Sodium hydroxide was placed in those chambers designated as the 0% CO2 mixture. The chambers were maintained at atmospheric pressure with air or a mixture of 4% CO2 in air at a flow rate of 50 ml/min. The gas concentrations were monitored frequently throughout the experiment.Ethylene Measurements. Flowers were enclosed in a specially constructed 500-ml glass chamber equipped with three ports. A port on the bottom served as a gas inlet and one on the top as an outlet for ventilation. The third port was fitted with a rubber serum bottle stopper and used for gas sampling with a syringe. One flower, with its s...

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