Interrelationship of Human Plasma Kallikrein and Plasmin in Inflammation

Webster, Marion E.; Innerfield, Irving

doi:10.1159/000457987

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Previous workers (34) have reviewed the evidence that there are two kallikreins in plasma depending on their mode of activation and method of extraction. The three entities described in this report and referred to as kallikreins I, II, and III are isoenzymes in the sense that each possesses kallikrein activity (release of kinin from heated plasma) and esterase activity with similar substrate ratios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the prekallikrein (kallikreinogen)-kallikrein enzyme system of human plasma

Colman¹,

Mattler²,

Sherry³

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

110

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A B S T R A C T By measurement of its arginine esterase activity, plasma kallikrein was purified from fresh frozen ACD plasma. The steps involved alcohol fractionation, isoelectric precipitation, and carboxymethyl (CM) Sephadex and DEAE cellulose chromatography. Three enzymatically active fractions were finally isolated and termed plasma kallikreins I, II, and III; they represented purifications of 970,320-and 590-fold, respectively. All three kallikreins were active biologically; they increased vascular permeability in the guinea pig and released a kinin from human plasma, as measured in the rat uterus bioassay. Bradykinin and/or closely related kinins were identified in the kallikrein I plasma digest by radioimmunoassay.Kallikreins I, II, and III had similar ratios of hydrolytic activity on a variety of arginine and lysine esters and were immunochemically related. However, differences were present on physicochemical characterization: kallikrein I had sSm. of 5.7, a mol wt of 99,800, and migrated as a slow gamma globulin; kallikrein II migrated as a fast gamma globulin with a mol wt of 163,000, but the evidence suggested that it was closely related, if not interconvertible, with kallikrein I. Kallikrein III, on the other hand, migrated as an alpha globulin and reacted quite differently with inhibitors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the prekallikrein (kallikreinogen)-kallikrein enzyme system of human plasma

Colman¹,

Mattler²,

Sherry³

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

110

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“…Their pharmacologic activity is extraordinarily high; in concentrations of 0.1 to 1 m,ug/ml the kinins cause vasodilatation, produce edema by increasing capillary permeability, stimulate some smooth muscle, provoke pain, and are leukotactic (1). Since these pharmacologic effects resemble the manifestations of acute inflammation, kinins are believed to, be a hormonal mediator of the response to tissue injury (2). This concept is supported by considerable experimental evidence of two general types: kinin concentrations are increased at the sites of inflammation, and when a synthetic kinin such as bradykinin is applied to certain tissues it mimics an inflammatory response (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concept is supported by considerable experimental evidence of two general types: kinin concentrations are increased at the sites of inflammation, and when a synthetic kinin such as bradykinin is applied to certain tissues it mimics an inflammatory response (3). 2 Kinins are released from a plasma protein substrate by either plasma enzymes (kallikreins) or by granulocytes. The agent activating the plasma enzyme(s) that liberate kinins from biologically inactive substrate (kininogen) appears to be blood clotting factor XII (Hageman factor) in its activated configuration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Kinins and Cortisol: A Possible Explanation of the Anti-Inflammatory Action of Cortisol

Cline

Melmon

1966

Science

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Kinins are naturally occurring vasoactive polypeptides thought to be mediators of acute inflammatory responses. Kinins are released from a plasma protein substrate by glass-activated plasma enzymes (kallikreins) or by isolated intact granulocytes. Cortisol in concentrations of 2.5 x 10(-6) to 2.5 x 10(-5)M prevented the release of active kinin from substrate by granulocytes or contact with glass. Deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, and etiocholanolone in comparable concentrations were significantly less effective in preventing kinin release. Plasma obtained from patients receiving prednisone released no kinin after activation by glass and less kinin than control plasma when exposed to granulocytes. Cortisol also partially inhibited the release of kinin by purified urinary kallikrein. Certain adrenocorticosteroids may exert their anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the release of plasma kinins. Steroids may act in part by preventing interaction between the activated kallikrein and its substrate.

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“…Vogt was the first (26,38,64,65) who drew attention to the fact that there were two different kallikreins which were active in two different kinin-forming systems. The investigations of Webster (67) , Paschina and co-workers (44) and Colman and coworkers (20) also suggested more than one kallikrein in plasma.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Contact and Plasmin Kinin-Forming Systems in the Blood

Buluk¹,

Czokało²,

Malofiejew³

1970

Thromb Haemost

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SummaryBy means of preparations of two different kininogens, the existence of two kallikreins, postulated previously, that is one activated by the contact factor – contact kallikrein, and another by plasmin – plasmin kallikrein, has been confirmed.Stasis plasma or plasma from blood taken without stasis incubated at 37 ° C can be a source of contact kallikrein.It was found that modified plasma, that is plasma acidified to pH 2 and realkalized after 10 min, is suitable material for demonstrating that plasmin activates plasmin kallikrein. Plasmin kallikrein in the plasma has two substrates: kininogen – from which it releases kinins, and contact kallikrein which it inactivates. A diagram showing the activation of kinin-forming systems in the blood plasma is proposed.

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Interrelationship of Human Plasma Kallikrein and Plasmin in Inflammation

Cited by 27 publications

References 76 publications

Studies on the prekallikrein (kallikreinogen)-kallikrein enzyme system of human plasma

Studies on the prekallikrein (kallikreinogen)-kallikrein enzyme system of human plasma

Plasma Kinins and Cortisol: A Possible Explanation of the Anti-Inflammatory Action of Cortisol

Contact and Plasmin Kinin-Forming Systems in the Blood

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