Interrelationship of biomass yield, carbon input, aggregation, carbon pools and its sequestration in Vertisols under long-term sorghum-wheat cropping system in semi-arid tropics

Datta, Ashim; Mandal, Biswapati; Badole, Shrikant; Chaitanya, A. Krishna; Majumder, Shyam Prasad; Padhan, Dhaneshwar; Basak, Nirmalendu; Barman, Arijit; Kundu, Ritesh; Narkhede, W.N.

doi:10.1016/j.still.2018.07.004

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This, in turn, contributed toward achieving better crop harvest (Figure 4) and facilitated higher C turnover back to soil in the form of crop stubble, root biomass, and rhizodeposition (Supplementary Table S9). These findings corroborate with earlier studies who reported beneficial role of integrated use of fertilizers (Meena et al, 2020) with farmyard and other well-decomposed manures (Datta et al, 2018;Srinivasarao et al, 2013) Combined use of gypsum and pressmud (Gyp + PM) registered higher SOC stabilization of applied C (62% at Site-I and 82% at Site-II) than sole PM (Table 3). This could be ascribed to supplementation of soluble Ca 2+ through Gyp, which initially might have neutralized alkalinity, then de-protonated carboxylic group (R-COO À ) leading to metal chelate formation, and subsequently facilitated in chemical recalcitrance of SOC (Deb et al, 2020).…”

Section: Soc Depletion and Applied Carbon Stabilizationsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Such segregation is convenient to evaluate the effect of soil management practices on relative allocation of SOC into different pools. Previous studies have also demonstrated the agro–ecological zonation and cropping system based labile and recalcitrant pools in soils of subtropical (Basak et al, 2021; Chaudhary et al, 2017; Datta et al, 2018), arid (Srinivasarao et al, 2013), and temperate regions (Debnath et al, 2020; Shimoda & Wagai, 2020). Rice among the cereal–based cropping systems, maintains an appreciable amount of SOC in recalcitrant pool (Basak et al, 2021; Chaudhary et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The recalcitrant index (RI) of SOC was calculated to evaluate the effect of soil applied amendments and unamended control on the soil's organic C stability by using Equations ( 3) and ( 4) given by Datta et al (2018) as:…”

Section: Recalcitrant Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terrestrial carbon largely resides in soil, and any attempt to enrich this pool is likely to improve the ecological functions of soil. Climatic conditions, agro–ecology, land use planning, and crop management practices or its ecosystem properties play indubitable role in improvement of C–storage in soil (Datta et al, 2018; Schmidt et al, 2011). No doubt, the Green Revolution in India benefited the farming communities in improving food and livelihood security; but also led to degradation of natural resources through process of physical perturbations, soil compaction and structural instability, excessive tillage, inadequate drainage, loss of soil organic C, nutrient mining, and associated environmental hazards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This labile C pool also helps in maintaining and restoring soil health and its productivity (Majumder et al, 2008; Srinivasarao et al, 2013). In contrast, physically and biochemically protected passive pools are altered slowly by microbial activities, possesses slower decomposition, longer residency, and promotes C sequestration (Datta et al, 2018; Zimmermann et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gypsum and pressmud amelioration improve soil organic carbon storage and stability in sodic agroecosystems

et al. 2021

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Salinity-induced land degradation poses a threat to environment and food production globally. Farmers' participatory research was carried out to assess the potential of gypsum (Gyp) and pressmud (PM) in alleviating the sodicity stress, and improvement in soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and its stability in the Trans Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Intensive rice-wheat cultivation using alkali water increased soil pH, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and bulk density (BD) causing a net depletion in SOC. Gypsum (supplies soluble Ca 2+ ) and pressmud (mobilizes native CaCO 3 ) mediated amelioration (Gyp + PM) significantly decreased soil sodification and compaction, and improved total organic carbon (TOC; 32%-64%) over the unamended control. Higher left-over C for SOC stabilization, crop biomass, and rhizodeposition returned through Gyp + PM significantly improved SOC pools and C sequestration culminating in $25% yield superiority over the unamended control.Within SOC pools, highest proportion was equally retained in very labile and nonlabile C pools. On average, the passive pool contained $45% of TOC; albeit to a greater contribution through PM followed by Gyp + PM and Gyp. Rice-wheat system yield (RWSY) was positively correlated with SOC pools and indices while negatively correlated with soil pH, ESP, BD, CaCO 3, and recalcitrant index. Multiple regression analysis showed stratification ratio, CaCO 3 , sensitivity index, and BD as key variables for yield prediction under the existing levels of soil sodicity. The key insights suggest ecosystem-based approach using Gyp + PM in restoring the degraded lands, enhancing crop resilience and system (SOC enrichment and storage) stability, and achieving UN-Sustainable Development Goals related to food security and land degradation neutrality.

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Section: Soc Depletion and Applied Carbon Stabilizationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Recalcitrant Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gypsum and pressmud amelioration improve soil organic carbon storage and stability in sodic agroecosystems

et al. 2021

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Impact of biochar and manure application on in situ carbon dioxide flux, microbial activity, and carbon budget in degraded cropland soil of southern India

et al. 2022

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Biochar application is attracting attention to be an effective soil organic carbon (SOC) management to prevent land degradation, though quantitative information of its effect on carbon dioxide (CO2) flux and associated microbial responses is still scarce, especially in degraded tropical agroecosystems. We conducted a 27‐month field experiment with periodically measuring environmental factors, CO2 efflux rate, microbial biomass C (MBC), and SOC stock, and evaluated the impact of land management (control (C), biochar (B; 8.2 Mg C ha−1), farmyard manure (FYM) (M; 1.1 Mg C ha−1 yr−1), and a mixture of both (BM) on CO2 flux, microbial responses (MBC and qCO2 as microbial activity) and C budget, in tropical alkaline cropland of southern India. Based on the relationship between the CO2 efflux rate and environmental factors, cumulative CO2 flux was estimated at 2.4, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.7 Mg C ha−1 in the C, B, M, and BM treatments, respectively. Biochar application increased soil moisture though did not affect CO2 flux, causing a positive C budget (6.7 Mg C ha−1), because of the limited response of microbes to increased soil moisture due to the small amount of SOC. Biochar and FYM combined application did not increase CO2 flux compared with FYM alone, contributing to the largest SOC increment (8.9 Mg C ha−1) with a positive C budget (9.1 Mg C ha−1), due to little difference of microbial responses between the two treatments. Hence, biochar application combined with FYM could be an effective SOC management in the degraded cropland of southern India.

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Long‐term organic management combined with conservation tillage enhanced soil organic carbon accumulation and aggregation

Littrell

Omondi

et al. 2021

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Successful synergy between organic management and conservation tillage could provide the best agroecological benefits by minimizing the negative effects of both synthetic chemicals and intensive tillage on soils. We studied the long-term impacts of conventional and organic crop management under different tillage regimes on soil organic C (SOC) and soil aggregation, leveraging Rodale Institute's long-term Farming Systems Trial. The experiment was initiated in 1981 with three cropping systems under intensive tillage management: (a) conventional (3-yr rotation of corncorn-soybean) with synthetic fertilizer application, (b) organic-legume (4-yr rotation of corn-oats-soybean/wheat-wheat) organic system with legume as sole N source, and (c) organic-manure (8-yr rotation of soybean/wheat-wheat/hay-hay-hay-corn silage/wheat-wheat-corn-oats) organic system with composted manure and legumes as N sources. There were eight replications for each of these cropping systems when the trial was initiated in 1981. In 2008, four replicates of each cropping system treatment were placed under conservation tillage management. Soils were collected from 0 to 10-, 10 to 20-, and 20 to 30-cm depths in 2018 and measured for total SOC, active SOC fractions (microbial biomass C, water extractable C, permanganate-oxidizable C), aggregate size distribution, and wet aggregate stability. Overall, total and active SOC increased by 16-132% under organic management compared with conventional management and the increase was more pronounced under organic-manure treatment than organic-legume treatment. Results also showed that 10 yr of tillage treatments did not influence active and total SOC concentrations, but influenced dry aggregate size distribution and wet aggregate stability. This study suggests that in longterm organic cropping systems, incorporated composted manure and perennial hay vs. legumes alone accumulated the greatest amount of SOC compared with conventional systems. Conservation tillage in organic systems improved aggregation; however, beyond 10 yr, it is necessary to reflect tillage effects on SOC.

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Interrelationship of biomass yield, carbon input, aggregation, carbon pools and its sequestration in Vertisols under long-term sorghum-wheat cropping system in semi-arid tropics

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

Gypsum and pressmud amelioration improve soil organic carbon storage and stability in sodic agroecosystems

Gypsum and pressmud amelioration improve soil organic carbon storage and stability in sodic agroecosystems

Impact of biochar and manure application on in situ carbon dioxide flux, microbial activity, and carbon budget in degraded cropland soil of southern India

Long‐term organic management combined with conservation tillage enhanced soil organic carbon accumulation and aggregation

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