Interrelations between viral load and cellular immunity in patients with COVID-19 of varying severity

Nikitin, Yu. V.; Aleksandrova, E. V.; Krivoruchko, A. B.; Meshkova, M. E.; Minaeva, L. V.; Жданов, К. В.; Artamonov, A. A.; Козлов, К. В.; Ivanov, A. M.; Maltsev, Oleg V.; Ivanov, K. S.; Lyashenko, Yu. I.; Masalov, E. B.

doi:10.15789/1563-0625-ibv-2586

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…To date, there is still no common opinion that would unite and explain the changes that occur in the human body during a cytokine storm initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. A significant part of studies by research groups from all around the world is dedicated to researching the immune response to COVID-19 [1], often focusing on cytokines, inflammatory markers [2], and quantitative and morphological parameters of the immune system [3,4]. Fewer studies make an attempt to analyze red blood cells (RBC), specifically the morphology of erythrocytes in patients undergoing a cytokine storm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Impact on Red Blood Cell Morphology

Kondratov,

Artamonov,

Mikhailovskii

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Severe COVID-19 alters the biochemical and morphological characteristics of blood cells in a wide variety of ways. To date, however, the vast majority of research has been devoted to the study of leukocytes, while erythrocyte morphological changes have received significantly less attention. The aim of this research was to identify erythrocyte morphology abnormalities that occur in COVID-19, compare the number of different poikilocyte types, and measure erythrocyte sizes to provide data on size dispersion. Red blood cells obtained from 6 control donors (800–2200 cells per donor) and 5 COVID-19 patients (800–1900 cells per patient) were examined using low-voltage scanning electron microscopy. We did not discover any forms of erythrocyte morphology abnormalities that would be specific to COVID-19. Among COVID-19 patients, we observed an increase in the number of acanthocytes (p = 0.01) and a decrease in the number of spherocytes (p = 0.03). In addition, our research demonstrates that COVID-19 causes an increase in the median (p = 0.004) and interquartile range (p = 0.009) when assessing erythrocyte size. The limitation of our study is a small number of participants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Impact on Red Blood Cell Morphology

Kondratov,

Artamonov,

Mikhailovskii

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Identification and functional characteristic of SARS-CoV-2-specific T lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients up to 16 months after disease onset

Vladimirov,

Zhdanova,

Mukhin

et al. 2023

Med. immunol.

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In cases of respiratory viral infection, along with innate immunity mechanisms, the adaptive immune system plays a crucial role in the body’s defence. The efficiency of its cellular component is crucial for pathogen elimination. T cell response is detected in almost all cases of COVID-19, being among the key factors of the virus control and resistance to infection, including re-infection. So far, however, many aspects of cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 over one year or later after infection remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of laboratory parameters of post-infection cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 within 16 months from the symptoms’ onset.Fifteen healthy volunteers and 87 COVID-19 patients were included into the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the time elapsed from the onset of the first symptoms to the time when blood samples were collected (from 14 to 500 days). For all samples, the number of S- and N-specific T lymphocytes and the cytokines secreting profiles were determined. Also, the Phenograph automatic clustering algorithm was used to discern different functional groups of the cells.Approximately 1 in 5 × 103 peripheral blood mononuclear cells was specific for SARS-CoV-2 S-protein, and 1 in 104 was specific for N-protein. Since the first weeks of infection, the number of specific CD8+ cells was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients, as compared with the group of healthy volunteers. As the postinfection period increased, the number of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ cells gradually decreased, but remained significantly higher than in control group. Among CD4+ cell population, the proportion of IFNγ-IL- 2-TNFα+ cells decreased and the ratio of IFNγ+IL-2-TNFα- cells increases. During first weeks of the disease, CD8+ lymphocytes are represented predominantly by IFNγ+IL-2-TNFα- cells and IFNγ-IL-2-TNFα+ cells by the end of the observation period. The clustering results showed that, in the early post-infection period, virusspecific T lymphocytes were mostly presented by populations of IFNγ- and TNFα-producing CD4+ effector memory cells. Meanwhile, in later time period, the most common populations were TNFα-producing CD8+ TEMRA and IFNγ-producing CD8+ central memory T lymphocytes.T cell adaptive immunity plays an important role in the control and elimination of viral infections. In this study, we demonstrated that robust cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is present in the vast majority of patients from the first weeks up to 16 months after the onset of the first symptoms of COVID-19. The immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 is provided by production of central and effector memory T cells, and the data on their time dynamics during the study period allow us to hope for a longer duration of cellular immune memory to SARS-CoV-2.

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Interrelations between viral load and cellular immunity in patients with COVID-19 of varying severity

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Impact on Red Blood Cell Morphology

SARS-CoV-2 Impact on Red Blood Cell Morphology

Identification and functional characteristic of SARS-CoV-2-specific T lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients up to 16 months after disease onset

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