Interrelation of Scion and Rootstock in Fruit-trees

Vyvyan, M. C.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083437

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Incidentally, Vyvyan's work (25) shows clearly that a scion can be mal to grow more vigorously than it would on its own roots. The old idea th: this was unlikely may have arisen because most scion varieties are inh€ endy quite vigorous.…”

Section: The Relative Importance Of Root and Stemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But whe an exact comparison has been provided by the use of the same clone as root stock and as scion, as in the work of Vyvyan (25) and McKenzie (26), it is clear that the influence of a given clone on vigour is greater when used as a rootstock than as a scion.…”

Section: The Relative Importance Of Root and Stemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, vigorous rootstocks, and strongly growing scion varieties, have been found to possess large vessels. The greater size of the vessels in vigorous plants together with their greater frequency may result in up to 25 per cent of the xylem being composed of vessel tissue in roots two to three years old, whereas in roots of the same age from dwarf plants, as little as 5 per cent of the xylem tissue may be composed of vessels. These differences in the sizes and numbers of vessels are sufficient to suggest that the capacity of the xylem for water transport would be higher in vigorous than in dwarf plants; but this may not be a limiting factor.…”

Section: Hypothetical Mechanisms Of Stock/scion Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stock and Scion Relations

Rogers¹,

Beakbane²

1957

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

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The composite plant formed by grafting a scion on a rootstock provides a unit of considerable scientific interest and commercial importance. The combination of two plants of different genetic constitution, thus having different inherent characters, affords new opportunities of studying these characters, and of making wider use of them.One of the first general reviews of rootstock/scion relations was that of Hatton, in 1930 (1). This included much of his own pioneer work, which led to a great expansion of interest in clonal rootstocks (2, 3). Tukey & Brase (4) included a useful review in a paper on the influence of scions and inter stocks. Hilkenbaumer (5) reviewed apple, pear, and plum rootstock results in Germany in 1953, and Hoblyn (6) gave a brief practical summary of results in England up to 1950. Tubbs (7) in a general review of work at East Mailing, illustrated the extensive range of rootstock effects with a list of 29 scion characters found to be influenced by the rootstock. Reviews on special as pects of the subject include those of Argles (8) on stock/scion incom patibility, and Graves (9) and Katyal (10) on double working; Roberts (11), writing on "Theoretical aspects of graftage," provided a comprehensive catalogue of 479 references with concise comments on the papers cited. The present paper is not intended to cover as wide a range, but will deal mainly with the part played by different components of the composite tree, incom patibility, viruses and certain other aspects, concluding with a discussion of some possible mechanisms of rootstock effect.At the outset, it must be said that the discovery of latent viruses in some clonal rootstocks and scion varieties has introduced a new factor of uncer tainty into some past rootstock trials. Varying proportions of certain clones, particularly M.lX and M.I, were found to be infected with rubbery wood virus, which has been shown to have a dwarfing effect [Posnette & Cropley (12,13); LuckwiII (14)]. Further work by Posnette & Cropley with apple mosaic (15), cherry (16), and pear (17) viruses has shown marked dwarfing effects, both with and without leaf symptoms.I t is reassuring, however, that tests of each tree in the classical Malling apple rootstock trials have shown that the original clones were evidently not infected with rubbery wood or mosaic and that the original conclusions on rootstock vigour remain valid (18).In discussing other papers it can only be assumed that the rootstock results are not clouded by virus infection; but the importance of using only virus-tested material in future is evident.

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Section: The Relative Importance Of Root and Stemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Relative Importance Of Root and Stemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothetical Mechanisms Of Stock/scion Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stock and Scion Relations

Rogers¹,

Beakbane²

1957

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

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“…The importance of an optimum root/shoot ratio in woody plants and the constancy of this ratio has been well-established (7). Root-shoot relationships in various apple rootstock/scion combinations have been studied extensively (1,14,15). Apple root/shoot ratio can be changed by such factors as soil moisture (2) and applied hormones (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Season Root and Shoot Growth of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple on Four Rootstocks as Affected by Pruning at Planting1

Young

Werner

1982

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Smoothee Golden Delicious) on 4 rootstocks Mailing (M) 9, Malling-Merton 106/M 9, MM 106, and seedling, received 4 pruning treatments at planting: no pruning, shoot pruned to 70 cm above graft union and branches removed, root pruned to 1/3 its original volume, or shoot and root both pruned as above, to determine effects on early shoot and root growth. Shoot pruning stimulated rapid new shoot growth and resulted in the highest new shoot relative growth rate and new shoot/total shoot dry weight ratio. Also, shoot pruning, with and without root pruning, resulted in very little root dry weight increase up to 8 weeks after planting, indicating a competitive inhibition of root growth by rapid new shoot growth. Root pruning, with and without shoot pruning, stimulated the greatest amount of new, white root formation soon after planting, but these contributed very little to root dry weight. Shoot- and root-pruned trees had the lowest shoot and root dry weights with all rootstocks. Pruning treatments significantly altered the root/shoot ratios of trees on M 9 and MM 106/M 9, but not on MM 106 and seedling. Shoot pruning of trees on M 9 caused the greatest deviation of root/shoot ratio from unpruned, heavily favoring shoot growth.

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“…They concluded that rootstock could control growth, but the degree of control depends upon the scion cultivar that is grafted onto the rootstock. Research on rootstock-scion interaction in apples showed how rootstock influenced scion dry weight and growth rate, but the duration of growth was influenced more by scion [160]. Apart from rootstock and scion interactions, other factors influencing the rootstock effect on scion could be the training system, planting density, and different biotic and abiotic stresses.…”

Section: Rootstocks Affect Scion Growth and Vigormentioning

confidence: 99%

Macadamia Breeding for Reduced Plant Vigor: Progress and Prospects for Profitable and Sustainable Orchard Systems

Dhakal Poudel,

Cowan,

Shaw

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Vigor control in tree crops plays an important role in increasing orchard efficiency and sustainability. It has enabled high-density plantations to maximize yield efficiency while reducing production costs. Although traditional methods such as frequent hedging and pruning are still used, dwarfing rootstocks and low-vigor cultivars are the most effective and sustainable means of vigor control, as these methods reduce labor and management costs while maintaining yield efficiency. Considerable variation among cultivars and rootstocks for vigor has been identified; however, mechanisms by which rootstocks affect scion vigor in slow-maturing tree crops remain unclear. With the lack of adequate information required for early and rapid selection, breeding programs in tree crops such as macadamia still utilize manual phenotyping, which is laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. Providing insights on emerging technologies that enhance breeding programs via rapid selection, this review summarizes the current state of vigor management and underlying mechanisms of vigor control in tree crops. It provides further understanding of the prospects of applying those techniques in rootstock and scion breeding for low-vigor and yield-efficient cultivars in tree crops, with specific reference to macadamia.

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Interrelation of Scion and Rootstock in Fruit-trees

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Stock and Scion Relations

Stock and Scion Relations

Early Season Root and Shoot Growth of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple on Four Rootstocks as Affected by Pruning at Planting1

Macadamia Breeding for Reduced Plant Vigor: Progress and Prospects for Profitable and Sustainable Orchard Systems

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