Interrelation between melanocyte-stimulating hormone and melanin-concentrating hormone in physiological body color change: Roles emerging from barfin flounder Verasper moseri

Mizusawa, Kanta; Kobayashi, Yuki; Yamanome, Takeshi; Saito, Yumiko; Takahashi, Akiyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.09.026

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Percomorphas, the clade that encompasses most of the diversity of modern Acanthomorpha, is the major evolutionary lineage at the top of the teleost tree ( Figure 3 and Table S2). Organisms of this group backgroundadapt and include the important models Beloniforme medaka (Oryzias latipes), Tetraodontiforme fugu (Takifugu rubripes) and the Pleuronectiforme flounder (Verasper moseri) (Klovins et al, 2004;Mizusawa, Kobayashi, Yamanome, Saito, & Takahashi, 2013;Sugimoto et al, 1997). Interestingly, several species in this group lack the dual-hormonal mechanism, in that MCH/MCHL plasma levels but not α-MSH vary with background adaptation, including flounders (Verasper moseri and Platichthys flesus) (Gilham & Baker, 1984;Kang & Kim, 2013;Mizusawa et al, 2011) and tilapias from the genus Oreochromis (Nile and Mozambique) (Gröneveld, Balm, Martens et al, 1995a;Gröneveld, Balm, & Wendelaar Bonga, 1995b;van der Salm, Metz, Wendelaar Bonga, & Flik, 2005).…”

Section: Group 6 Contains the Earliest Teleost Lineages And Includesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity for colour adaptation in vertebrates explained by the evolution of the genes pomc, pmch and pmchl

Bertolesi

Zhang

McFarlane

2019

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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Different camouflages work best with some background matching colour. Our understanding of the evolution of skin colour is based mainly on the genetics of pigmentation (“background matching”), with little known about the evolution of the neuroendocrine systems that facilitate “background adaptation” through colour phenotypic plasticity. To address the latter, we studied the evolution in vertebrates of three genes, pomc, pmch and pmchl, that code for α‐MSH and two melanin‐concentrating hormones (MCH and MCHL). These hormones induce either dispersion/aggregation or the synthesis of pigments. We find that α‐MSH is highly conserved during evolution, as is its role in dispersing/synthesizing pigments. Also conserved is the three‐exon pmch gene that encodes MCH, which participates in feeding behaviours. In contrast, pmchl (known previously as pmch), is a teleost‐specific intron‐less gene. Our data indicate that in zebrafish, pmchl‐expressing neurons extend axons to the pituitary, supportive of an MCHL hormonal role, whereas zebrafish and Xenopus pmch+ neurons send axons dorsally in the brain. The evolution of these genes and acquisition of hormonal status for MCHL explain different mechanisms used by vertebrates to background‐adapt.

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Section: Group 6 Contains the Earliest Teleost Lineages And Includesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity for colour adaptation in vertebrates explained by the evolution of the genes pomc, pmch and pmchl

Bertolesi

Zhang

McFarlane

2019

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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“…In fish skin, rapid changes in colour also involve the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) released by the sympathetic system and this stimulates pigment aggregation (Mizusawa et al, 2013). Our study suggests that PACAP is a regulatory factor of fish skin and the presence of PACAP transcripts in skin and the action of PACAP-27 on melanin status in melanophores suggest that the PACAP system may also participate in the local and rapid response of skin colour change (Fig.…”

Section: Pacap Signalling In Fish Skinmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In contrast, an increase in plasma Mch levels and up-regulation of the peptide in the hypothalamus is observed when fish are adapted to a light (white) background (Kishida et al, 1989;Mizusawa et al, 2013;Suzuki et al, 1995). In fish skin, rapid changes in colour also involve the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) released by the sympathetic system and this stimulates pigment aggregation (Mizusawa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Pacap Signalling In Fish Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The α-Msh released from the pituitary and melanocyte-concentrating hormone (Mch) from the hypothalamus have opposing effects on pigment migration in melanophores (reviewed by Mizusawa et al, 2013). Fish skin also responds to PACAP and juvenile catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to water borne PACAP over several weeks became redder (Lugo et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PACAP system evolution and its role in melanophore function in teleost fish skin

Cardoso

Félix

Martins

et al. 2015

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) administered to tilapia melanophores ex-vivo causes significant pigment aggregation and this is a newly identified function for this peptide in fish. The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), adcyap1r1a (encoding Pac1a) and vipr2a (encoding Vpac2a), are the only receptors in melanophores with appreciable levels of expression and are significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulated in the absence of light. Vpac2a is activated exclusively by peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), which suggests that Pac1a mediates the melanin aggregating effect of PACAP on melanophores. Paradoxically activation of Pac1a with PACAP caused a rise in cAMP, which in fish melanophores is associated with melanin dispersion. We hypothesise that the duplicate adcyap1ra and vipr2a genes in teleosts have acquired a specific role in skin and that the melanin aggregating effect of PACAP results from the interaction of Pac1a with Ramp that attenuates cAMP-dependent PKA activity and favours the Ca(2+)/Calmodulin dependent pathway.

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“…MCHR2 is a G‐protein coupled receptor for its primary ligand MCH, the melanin‐concentrating hormone. Besides its important roles in feeding and energy homeostasis, MCHR2 has been reported to cause lighter scale colour in barfin flounder fish via the induction of melanin aggregation . Interestingly, AA preferentially affects pigmented hairs, and the hair of patients with AA frequently changes to grey or white when it regrows following an acute episode of AA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomewide analysis of copy number variants in alopecia areata in a Central European cohort reveals association with MCHR2

Fischer

Degenhardt

Hofmann

et al. 2017

Experimental Dermatology

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Alopecia areata (AA) is a common hair loss disorder of autoimmune aetiology, which often results in pronounced psychological distress. Understanding of the pathophysiology of AA is increasing, due in part to recent genetic findings implicating common variants at several genetic loci. To date, no study has investigated the contribution of copy number variants (CNVs) to AA, a prominent class of genomic variants involved in other autoimmune disorders. Here, we report a genomewide- and a candidate gene-focused CNV analysis performed in a cohort of 585 patients with AA and 1340 controls of Central European origin. A nominally significant association with AA was found for CNVs in the following five chromosomal regions: 4q35.2, 6q16.3, 9p23, 16p12.1 and 20p12.1. The most promising finding was a 342.5-kb associated region in 6q16.3 (duplications in 4/585 patients; 0/1340 controls). The duplications spanned the genes MCHR2 and MCHR2-AS1, implicated in melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) signalling. These genes have not been implicated in previous studies of AA pathogenesis. However, previous research has shown that MCHR2 affects the scale colour of barfin flounder fish via the induction of melanin aggregation. AA preferentially affects pigmented hairs, and the hair of patients with AA frequently shows a change in colour when it regrows following an acute episode of AA. This might indicate a relationship between AA, pigmentation and MCH signalling. In conclusion, the present results provide suggestive evidence for the involvement of duplications in MCHR2 in AA pathogenesis.

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Interrelation between melanocyte-stimulating hormone and melanin-concentrating hormone in physiological body color change: Roles emerging from barfin flounder Verasper moseri

Cited by 37 publications

References 41 publications

Plasticity for colour adaptation in vertebrates explained by the evolution of the genes pomc, pmch and pmchl

Plasticity for colour adaptation in vertebrates explained by the evolution of the genes pomc, pmch and pmchl

PACAP system evolution and its role in melanophore function in teleost fish skin

Genomewide analysis of copy number variants in alopecia areata in a Central European cohort reveals association with MCHR2

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