Interrater Reliability of the Road Law and Road Craft Test as Part of the OT-DORA Battery for Off-Road Driver Assessment

Unsworth, Carolyn A.; Pallant, Julie; Russell, Kay; Odell, Morris; Coulson, Melissa

doi:10.4276/030802211x13125646370960

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…At the 1 st home visit participants completed standard far transfer tasks (processing speed, arithmetic, cognitive flexibility). At the post-intervention home visit participants repeated these tasks and completed new ecologically valid far transfer tasks that did not have test/re-test options (Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA; [33]) and Road Law & Road Craft Test, (OT-DORA; [34]). The WCPA assessed participants’ ability to follow rules while scheduling appointments amid distractions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older Adults Improve on Everyday Tasks after Working Memory Training and Neurostimulation

2016

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Background Aging is associated with decline in executive function (EF), upper-level cognitive abilities such as planning, problem solving, and working memory (WM). This decline is associated with age-related volume loss and reduced functional connectivity in the frontal lobes. Cognitive training interventions aim to counter these losses but often fail to elicit benefits beyond improvements on trained tasks. Recent interventions pairing WM training with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have improved WM and elicited transfer to untrained EF tasks. Limitations in previous work include exclusive use of laboratory-based computer training and testing and poor characterization of the mechanism(s) of durable tDCS-linked change. Objective/Hypothesis To determine if tDCS-linked WM training improves performance on ecologically valid transfer measures administered in participants’ homes. To explore intervention-based changes using neuroimaging (fNIRS) and genotyping (COMT val158met). Methods 90 healthy older adult participants completed 5 sessions of WM training paired with tDCS (Sham, 1 mA tDCS, 2 mA tDCS; 15 min). At follow-up, we assessed performance change on laboratory-based and ecologically valid tasks. Results All participants showed improvement on trained tasks. Importantly, 2 mA of tDCS induced significantly greater far transfer gains after 1 month without contact. Gains were observed on standard far transfer tasks along with ecologically valid far transfer tasks, and stimulation was well tolerated by all participants. FNIRS and genotyping results were less conclusive but provide promising avenues for future research initiatives. Conclusion These findings highlight the translational value for tDCS-based interventions in healthy older adults interested in maintaining cognitive function.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older Adults Improve on Everyday Tasks after Working Memory Training and Neurostimulation

2016

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“…All three cognitive screening tests included in OT-DORA were also found to be predictive of return to driving in this research, and therefore these tests are described in detail. The Road Law Road Craft Test comprises 14 items and scores range from 0 to 37 (with 0: impaired road law knowledge and 37: full road law knowledge) [21]. The Occupational Therapy-Drive Home Maze Test (OT-DHMT) [24,25] is measured in seconds with a lower score indicating a faster/better time through the maze than a higher score, and scores less than 100 s suggesting return to driving is possible across all client groups.…”

Section: Ot-dora Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While many individual assessments of cognition, perception, and vision are available for OTDAs to use, the Occupational Therapy -Driver Off Road Assessment (OT-DORA) Battery [18][19][20][21] was developed to comprehensively screen a person's strengths and weaknesses, prior to an on-road assessment. The Battery includes an initial Interview, medical history, medication screen, four standardized sensory assessments, four standardized physical assessments, and three standardized cognitive/perceptual assessments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting fitness-to-drive following stroke using the Occupational Therapy – Driver Off Road Assessment Battery

Unsworth

Baker

Lannin

et al. 2018

Disability and Rehabilitation

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The three cognitive subtests from the Occupational Therapy - Driver Off Road Assessment Battery and potentially one of the physical tests have good predictive validity for client fitness-to-drive. These tests can be used to screen client suitability for proceeding to an on-road test following stroke. Implications for Rehabilitation: Following stroke, drivers should be counseled (including consideration of local legislation) concerning return to driving. The Occupational Therapy - Driver Off Road Assessment Battery can be used in the clinic to screen people for suitability to undertake on road assessment. Scores on four of the Occupational Therapy - Driver Off Road Assessment Battery subtests are predictive of resumption of driving following stroke.

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“…Many older people experience age-related health declines, increasing numbers of medical conditions and an increasing need for medication, all of which can impair driving ability. Many young adults with disabilities are also keen to enjoy the freedoms associated with driving and are increasingly seeking advice on whether they too can drive ( Unsworth, Pallant, Russell, et al, 2011 ). In addition there are drivers with a newly acquired illness or disability, for example resulting from a stroke or deteriorating health condition such as multiple sclerosis, who also require occupational therapy driving assessment and rehabilitation in order to be able to continue driving safely or to know when they need to cease driving ( DoH, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessment and advice to support safe driving is required to protect clients as well as other road users. Occupational therapists are well positioned to assess the fitness-to-drive of individuals, with health- or age-related disabilities, that have been medically cleared by a physician ( Unsworth et al., 2011 ). These occupational therapists often have specialist training or qualifications and are referred to in the USA as certified driver rehabilitation specialists, or in Australia as occupational therapy driver assessors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Social Judgment Theory method to examine how experienced occupational therapy driver assessors use information to make fitness-to-drive recommendations

Unsworth

Harries

Davies

2015

British Journal of Occupational Therapy

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IntroductionAs people with a range of disabilities strive to increase their community mobility, occupational therapy driver assessors are increasingly required to make complex recommendations regarding fitness-to-drive. However, very little is known about how therapists use information to make decisions. The aim of this study was to model how experienced occupational therapy driver assessors weight and combine information when making fitness-to-drive recommendations and establish their level of decision agreement.MethodUsing Social Judgment Theory method, this study examined how 45 experienced occupational therapy driver assessors from the UK, Australia and New Zealand made fitness-to-drive recommendations for a series of 64 case scenarios. Participants completed the task on a dedicated website, and data were analysed using discriminant function analysis and an intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsAccounting for 87% of the variance, the cues central to the fitness-to-drive recommendations made by assessors are the client’s physical skills, cognitive and perceptual skills, road law craft skills, vehicle handling skills and the number of driving instructor interventions. Agreement (consensus) between fitness-to-drive recommendations was very high: intraclass correlation coefficient = .97, 95% confidence interval .96–.98).ConclusionFindings can be used by both experienced and novice driver assessors to reflect on and strengthen the fitness-to-drive recommendations made to clients.

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Interrater Reliability of the Road Law and Road Craft Test as Part of the OT-DORA Battery for Off-Road Driver Assessment

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Older Adults Improve on Everyday Tasks after Working Memory Training and Neurostimulation

Older Adults Improve on Everyday Tasks after Working Memory Training and Neurostimulation

Predicting fitness-to-drive following stroke using the Occupational Therapy – Driver Off Road Assessment Battery

Using Social Judgment Theory method to examine how experienced occupational therapy driver assessors use information to make fitness-to-drive recommendations

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