Interpreting Uncemented Multistage Hydraulic-Fracturing Completion Effectiveness Using Fiber-Optic DTS Injection Data

Holley, Eric; Molenaar, Mathieu M.; Fidan, Erkan; Banack, Ben

doi:10.2118/153131-ms

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As previously mentioned, several case studies have been published to indicate the value of fiber-optic stimulation results for an individual well (Holley et al, 2012). The purpose of this study is to combine the analysis from a larger collection of results to provide a more comprehensive perspective of the value gained from these data.…”

Section: Review Of Results: Case Study Analysis Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This cable conveyance technique has been defined in more detail in earlier works (Holley et al, 2012;Cox and Molenaar, 2013). There are several other conveyance methods available, including coil-tubing deployed, wireline or slickline deployed, or even pumped fiber optics; however, most of the deployment focus for hydraulic fracturing operations has been with permanently deployed cables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fiber-optic Monitoring: Stimulation Results from Unconventional Reservoirs

Holley¹,

Kalia²

2015

Unconventional Resources Technology Conference

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Fiber-optic-based sensing technologies were first trialed for upstream oil and gas applications in the 1990s to monitor injection allocation of steam (Karaman, 1996). Beginning in the early 2000s, a broader range of applications was trialed from water injection profiling (Rahman et al., 2011) to acid injection profiling (Glasbergen et al., 2009) to hydraulic fracture diagnostics (Sierra et al., 2008). Since 2008, the use of fiber optics to analyze hydraulic fracturing has diversified substantially across unconventional reservoirs in North America. There has also been a diversification and maturity of the technologies. The primary technology used in the early works was distributed temperature sensing (DTS). To date, this technology is still the primary resource for fracture and production results for unconventional wells. However, technologies such as distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) (Molenaar et al., 2011) are becoming necessary to obtain complementary diagnostics to generate a more robust answer product. This paper focuses on the fundamental value of information gained during the hydraulic fracturing process using fiber optics and the impact those learnings have had on future completion designs and decision making. There have been two dominant horizontal completion strategies in the unconventional market-cemented plug and perforation (PnP) completions and uncemented packer and sleeve (PnS) completions. Each of these types is reviewed to illustrate the value of information fiber optics has demonstrated, from the fracturing perspective. In this study, approximately 40 horizontal wells and 400 fracture stages are considered to provide an overview of the impact this technology has had on the industry understanding of completion effectiveness.

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Section: Review Of Results: Case Study Analysis Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-optic Monitoring: Stimulation Results from Unconventional Reservoirs

Holley¹,

Kalia²

2015

Unconventional Resources Technology Conference

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This process goes on from the toe to the heel until the scheduled sequence is completed. Another approach is the use of open-hole packers with fracture sleeves (Holley et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Fracture Growth Out of Zone Using Temperature Analysis

Ribeiro

Horne

2014

All Days

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Hydraulic fracturing is a widely applied well stimulation technique. Recently the application of multiple hydraulic fractures along horizontal wells has made possible the exploitation of unconventional reservoirs, such as shale gas and shale oil. However, the process of horizontal well fracturing is uncertain and it is not fully understood yet. There exist many questions about the number and position of created fractures and whether or not the fracture stays contained within the main reservoir thickness.This work presents the modeling and analysis of temperature data during and after the creation of multiple fractures along a horizontal well. Our model accounts for fracture growth and closure, the well effects and interaction between multiple fractures.The interference between multiple fractures growing simultaneously and the presence of reservoir permeability heterogeneity were investigated. Capabilities and limitations of information carried by temperature data are presented through different geometry analyses.A special consideration of fracture growth out of zone was addressed. For this case it was considered that one of the hydraulic fractures activates a preexisting fault and interconnects the reservoir with other zones hundreds of feet away.Our work shows the advantage of using continuous distributed temperature data in comparison with the traditional single-point pressure analysis. The local characteristic of temperature allows us to identify not only which of the created hydraulic fractures has interconnected the main reservoir with a different zone, but also the location of this zone. We also account for the effect of the interconnection on the growth of the other hydraulic fractures along the horizontal wellbore.The simultaneous multiple fracture growth shows that falloff distributed temperature data can predict the number of created fractures. More than that, in presence of heterogeneity the interaction between the contained fractures can be captured by the temperature analysis. Different from the pressure analysis, distributed temperature data can differentiate between different heterogeneity locations along the wellbore.Throughout this paper we present a series of examples where the temperature can provide information that would not be obtained from the traditional pressure analysis.

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Numerical study on hydraulic fracturing in tight gas formation in consideration of thermal effects and THM coupled processes

Feng

Were

et al. 2016

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering

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Interpreting Uncemented Multistage Hydraulic-Fracturing Completion Effectiveness Using Fiber-Optic DTS Injection Data

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Fiber-optic Monitoring: Stimulation Results from Unconventional Reservoirs

Fiber-optic Monitoring: Stimulation Results from Unconventional Reservoirs

Detecting Fracture Growth Out of Zone Using Temperature Analysis

Numerical study on hydraulic fracturing in tight gas formation in consideration of thermal effects and THM coupled processes

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