Interpreting the influence of fuel spray impact on mixture preparation for HCCI combustion with port-fuel injection

Advances and challenges in explaining fuel spray impingement: How much of single droplet impact research is useful?

“…For a gasoline spray, Panão and Moreira [32], derive such an empirical correlation with a ¼ 3.4 Â 10 À5 , c ¼ 1.51 and e ¼ À0.254, but they found that the Prandtl number and the Weber number have negligible effects (b ¼ d ¼ 0). The fact has been attributed to a liquid renovation mechanism dominated by constant piercing of the liquid film by impacting droplets, rather than by bubbleinduced breakup of the liquid film, as in the nucleate boiling regime.…”

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Combustion Engine- A Review

“…The mixture enters into the cylinder during the suction stroke and the turbulence generated by intake flow improves further homogeneity. This method of mixture preparation has been found to be quite successful with gasoline and alcoholic fuels [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The main demerit of this strategy is that the start of combustion cannot be controlled by the injection timing.…”

Heat transfer correlation for intermittent spray impingement: A dynamic approach

“…This dimensional analysis has been used in Panão and Moreira [19] to derive an empirical correlation for the impact of single injections on a heated surface and the results were a ¼ 3.4 Â 10 À5 , c ¼ 1.51 and e ¼ À0.254. The analysis on these exponents confirms the importance of the spray inertia upon impact (c > 0) and evidences the relevancy of a two-phase heat transfer through the phase-change mechanism (e < 0), since a higher the latent heat of vaporization (h fg ) implies a lower 'Ja'.…”