Interpreting Plant Responses to Clinostating

Wheeler, Raymond M.

doi:10.1104/pp.67.4.677

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…(d) Four different ethylene antagonists slowed the rate of gravitropic bending (our previous tests [25]). (e) Ethylene evolution increased during clinostating (1 1, 14, 21), and our results suggest that this was a response to gravity compensation (22). () Gravistimulation of dicot stems stimulated production of ethylene in bottom halves of dandelion peduncles (6) and grass leaf-sheath pulvini (26), although inhibitors of ethylene synthesis in those cases did not affect bending.…”

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confidence: 81%

Gravitropism in Higher Plant Shoots

Wheeler¹,

White²,

Salisbury³

1986

Plant Physiol.

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confidence: 81%

Gravitropism in Higher Plant Shoots

Wheeler¹,

White²,

Salisbury³

1986

Plant Physiol.

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“…Bonny Best) and with castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Plants were grown in the greenhouse as described in the companion paper (27).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CO2 was applied from a cylinder that contained 5% C02, 20%o 2, and 75% N2. Plexiglas chambers were fitted tightly over clinostat turn-tables of a clinostat used in other studies (27). The high CO2 mixture was allowed to flow through three of the six chambers, while ambient air (from a tube outside the treatment room) was pumped at an approximately equivalent flow rate (about 100 ml min-f) through the other three chambers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gravitropism in Higher Plant Shoots

Wheeler

Salisbury

1981

Plant Physiol.

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It has long been known that appWied ethylene can redirect the gravitropic response, but only occasionally has it been suggested that ethylene normally plays a role In gravitropism. Two inhibitors of ethylene synthesis [Co"+ and Further indirect evidence for a connection between ethylene and the gravity response is that leaf epinasty develops in horizontally placed plants (9, 26) and in plants on a horizontal clinostat (19,24), and ethylene has long been known to cause leaf epinasty. In the companion paper (27), we suggest that ethylene is produced in clinostated plants in response to disturbance of the gravityperception mechanism, rather than being caused by the mechanical stresses of leaf flopping. Inasmuch as gravitropic bending is also caused by the gravity-perception mechanism, ethylene could be involved in gravitropism.Both AVG2 and cobaltous ion (Co2+) are known inhibitors of ethylene synthesis in some plant tissues (3, 18; for review, see ref. 20). Silver ion is known to be a powerful inhibitor of ethylene action (5), and CO2 has been widely used as an inhibitor of ethylene action (1). We report effects of these four inhibitors on the gravitropic response, as well as results of related studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS

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“…However, we worked with the whole stolon to minimize disturbance of the tissue. A latent period in ethylene production also was found in studies with other plant parts or plants either in horizontal orientation (2, 9,20) or in inverted orientation (13,15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Role of Ethylene in the Geotropic Response of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) Stolons

Balatti

Willemoës²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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We studied the relationship between ethylene and gravityinduced upward bending of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) stolons. Ethylene production begins within 3 hours of the onset of gravistimulation, and increases thereafter until the 15th hour, after which it declines. There is a close positive relationship between ethylene production and upward bending during the first 12 hours of gravistimulation. Incubation of stolons with AgNO3 did not prevent ethylene evolution but delayed upward bending. In addition, ethylene production was 10-fold greater and peaked earlier in gravistimulated nodes incubated with 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid. The gravitational stimulation could be due to an increase in both 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid synthase and the ethylene forming enzyme. The results suggest that ethylene promotes the activity of indoleacetic acid.Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) stolons normally grow horizontally when attached to the plant. However, their excision results in the reorientation of apical tissue growth from horizontal to vertical (12). Since the work of Neljubow on pea (discussed by Abeles [1]), it has been known that ethylene can alter the orientation ofstem growth from vertical to horizontal in pea and cotton (7) and conversely, from horizontal to vertical in strawberry clover (8) for 12 h in a vertical position to eliminate the effects ofwound ethylene (unpublished personal observations) and then were arranged horizontally on a framework, which consisted of a wooden base, above which two vertical wooden frames were tightly mounted. Sixteen holes were drilled into each frame, so that each flask could be placed horizontally and fit tightly. Curvature measurements of 32 stolons were made from photographs taken manually every 3 h during a 23 h time period.To minimize biological variability between stolons, values are given as the percentage of curvature with respect to the final curvature of each stolon: final curvature percentage (FCP) = observed curvature/final curvature X 100. This normalization allowed us to determine when differences in the rate of bending were significantly different. Ethylene MeasurementsGroups of 25 apical nodal segments of bermudagrass stolons were weighed, and then arranged in 7-mL, gas-tight vials containing washed vermiculite to provide moisture and support them in the proper orientation. Only the apical node of each stolon, including 5 mm of surrounding tissue, was used. The vials were kept upright and unsealed in humidified plastic boxes for 12 h at 20°C in the dark to allow dissipation of wound ethylene. Vials then were placed horizontally according to the treatment and subjected to gravistimulation for time periods of 3, 7,11,15,19, and 23 h. The flasks were sealed 3 h before assay for ethylene. All experiments were performed in darkness and at a room temperature of 28°C.A l-mL gas sample was withdrawn from each flask, and ethylene was assayed with a gas chromatograph equipped with a stainless steel column filled with Chromosor...

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Interpreting Plant Responses to Clinostating

Abstract: The severe epinasty and other symptoms developed by clinostated leafy plants could be responses to gravity compensation and/or the mechanical stresses of leaf flopping.

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Gravitropism in Higher Plant Shoots

Gravitropism in Higher Plant Shoots

Gravitropism in Higher Plant Shoots

Role of Ethylene in the Geotropic Response of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) Stolons

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