Interpreting Hazards: The Increasing Importance of Antidote to Anecdote in Managed Care

Fairman, Kathleen A.

doi:10.18553/jmcp.2010.16.2.134

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA) [48] was used to perform the meta-analysis by two authors (E.O.-G. and I.C.-P.). The pooled effect was calculated using the Cohen's Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) [49] that may be interpreted at three effect strength levels: small (SMD = 0.2), moderate (SMD = 0.5), and large (SMD ≥ 0.8) [50].When an outcome was assessed with data from studies that use the same measurement test, we calculate the mean difference (MD) to compare with the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) for that test. Forest plots were used to display our findings [51].…”

Section: Statistical Analysis and Additional Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nintendo® Wii Therapy Improves Upper Extremity Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Montoro-Cárdenas¹,

Cortés‐Pérez²,

Ibancos-Losada³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Nintendo® Wii-based therapy (NWT) is a non-immersive virtual reality therapy used to recover upper extremity (UE) motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We aimed primarily to elucidate the effectiveness of NWT in improving UE motor and functional impaired abilities in children with CP, compared to conventional therapy or no intervention. The secondary aim was to assess if NWT is more effective when used alone or combined with conventional therapy. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted from a bibliographic search in PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, Web of Science, and CINHAL, ending in October 2021, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We included randomized controlled trials that compared NWT vs. conventional therapy or no intervention in terms of their impact on different UE impaired abilities (grip strength, tip grip strength, UE dissociated movements, functional capacity in daily living activities, gross and fine motor dexterity, and grasping ability) in children with CP. Effect size was calculated with standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Nine studies (276 participants) were included. NWT is more effective than conventional therapy at improving grip strength (SMD = 0.5, 95% CI 0.08, 0.91), tip grip strength (SMD = 0.95, 95% CI 0.3, 1.61), and grasping ability (SMD = 0.72, 95%CI 0.14, 1.3). NWT is more effective than conventional therapy at improving functional capacity in daily living activities (SMD = 0.83, 95% CI 0.07, 1.56). For fine manual dexterity, NWT was better than no intervention (SMD = 3.12, 95% CI 1.5, 4.7). Conclusions: Our results indicate that NWT is effective at improving various UE impaired motor skills in children with CP.

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Section: Statistical Analysis and Additional Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nintendo® Wii Therapy Improves Upper Extremity Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Montoro-Cárdenas¹,

Cortés‐Pérez²,

Ibancos-Losada³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Due to the heterogeneity in pathologic conditions and their characteristics and following the recommendations of Cooper et al (2009) (24), we chose the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model to estimate the overall pooled effect with its 95% CI to improve the generalizability of the findings (25). For continuous variables, the pooled effect was estimated using Cohen's standardized mean difference (SMD) calculation (26), which can be interpreted in three levels of effect intensity: small (SMD = 0.2), medium (SMD = 0.5) and large (SMD > 0.8) (27). To analyse the prevalence of occlusal disorders in scoliosis cases vs healthy controls and the prevalence of scoliosis in patients with and without stomatognathic disorders, we calculated the prevalence odds ratio (OR) together with its 95% CI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between stomatognathic alterations and idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies

Gámiz-Bermúdez,

Ibáñez-Vera,

Obrero-Gaitán

et al. 2023

EFORT Open Reviews

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Purpose The objective of this systematic review was to assess a possible relationship between stomatognathic alterations and idiopathic scoliosis (IS). Design This study is a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. Methods The protocol of this systematic review with meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022370593). A bibliographic search was carried out in the Pubmed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL databases using the MeSH terms ‘Scoliosis’ and ‘Stomatognathic Disease’. The odds ratio (OR) of prevalence and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to synthesize the results. Results Of 1592 studies located, 14 studies were selected with 3018 subjects (age: 13.9 years). IS was related to Angle’s class II (OR = 2.052, 95% CI = 1.236–3.406) and crossbite (OR = 2.234, 95% CI = 1.639–3.045). Patients with malocclusion showed a higher prevalence of IS than controls (OR = 4.633, 95% CI = 1.467–14.628), and subjects with IS showed high overjet (SMD = 0.405, 95% CI = 0.149–0.661) and greater dysfunction due to temporomandibular disorders (SMD = 1.153, 95% CI = 0.780–1.527). Conclusion Compared with healthy controls, subjects with IS have twice the risk of suffering from occlusion disorders, present greater temporomandibular dysfunction and have a greater overjet in the incisors. Moreover, subjects with malocclusion have an IS prevalence up to four times higher. The systematic orofacial examination of patients with IS should be recommended.

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“…On the other hand, the black square represents the individual effect of each study in the meta-analysis and its horizontal black line represents the confidence level of this effect. Effect size can be interpreted as null (SMD = 0), low (SMD = 0.1-0.39), medium (SMD = 0.4-0.79), and large (SMD > 0.8) [54]. To assess the proportion of patients reporting adverse events, a meta-analysis of proportions estimating the event rate was conducted.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Therapy Applied in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Peinado-Rubia,

Verdejo-Herrero,

Obrero-Gaitán

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Background: The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of non-immersive virtual reality (niVR) active videogames in patients who underwent cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis, according to the PRISMA guidelines and previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023485240), was performed through a literature search in PubMed (Medline), SCOPUS, WOS, and PEDro since inception to 21 November 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effectiveness of an niVR intervention, in comparison with conventional CR and usual care, on aerobic capacity and cardiovascular endurance (physical function), anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL). The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Effect size was estimated using Cohen’s standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in a random-effects model. Results: Nine RCT that met the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed a moderate-to-large effect favoring niVR active videogames included in CR in increasing aerobic capacity and cardiovascular endurance (SMD = 0.74; 95% CI 0.11 to 1.37; p = 0.021) and reducing anxiety (SMD = −0.66; 95% CI −1.13 to −0.2; p = 0.006). Only 4.8% of patients reported adverse events while performing niVR active videogames. Conclusions: Inclusion of niVR active videogames in CR programs is more effective than conventional CR in improving aerobic capacity and cardiovascular endurance and in reducing anxiety.

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Interpreting Hazards: The Increasing Importance of Antidote to Anecdote in Managed Care

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Nintendo® Wii Therapy Improves Upper Extremity Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Nintendo® Wii Therapy Improves Upper Extremity Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Relationship between stomatognathic alterations and idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies

Non-Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Therapy Applied in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

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