Interpretation of serum antibody response to<i>Anoplocephala perfoliata</i>in relation to parasite burden and faecal egg count

Kjaer, L.N.; Lungholt, M.M.; Nielsen, Martin K.; Olsen, Susanne Nautrup; Maddox-Hyttel, Charlotte

doi:10.2746/042516407x217876

Cited by 41 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The infection intensity and the stage of parasite maturity decide on the sensitivity of the sedimentation–flotation methods. Kjaer et al (2007) provided evidence that the detection of A. perfoliata invasion increases to 89 % when the intensity of infection is higher than 20 tapeworms with uterine segments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the sensitivity of coprological methods in detecting Anoplocephala perfoliata invasions

et al. 2014

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The autopsy of 487 slaughter horses revealed the presence of Anoplocephala perfoliata in 36 animals. The invasions varied in the intensity (3 to 2,069 tapeworms) and in the level of tapeworms’ proglottid maturity. Twenty nine horses were found to contain tapeworms with gravid proglottid. Fecal samples collected from the rectum were tested using following techniques: flotation with solution-saturated NaCl, decantation, McMaster’s, and modified sedimentation-flotation methods (50 g feces samples, flotation solution-saturated NaCl and sucrose, specific gravity 1.25 g/ml). The number of A. perfoliata positive fecal samples was significantly higher using the sedimentation-flotation methods 21 (58.33 %) than flotation 6 (16.66 %), decantation 3 (8.33 %), and McMaster’s 1 (2.77 %) techniques. The sensitivities of the coprological methods during the patent period were 20.69, 10.34, 3.45, and 72.41 % for the flotation, decantation, McMaster’s, and sedimentation-flotation method, respectively. Sedimentation–flotation techniques proved to be more sensitive than other one. The lowest intensity of invasion possible to detect using this method was nine tapeworms with gravid proglottid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the sensitivity of coprological methods in detecting Anoplocephala perfoliata invasions

et al. 2014

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“…Faecal egg counts have previously been shown in other odd-toed ungulates and with similar parasite groups to be a broadly reliable indicator of parasite abundance (Nielsen et al 2010;Stringer et al 2014). For instance, Kjaer et al (2007) found a positive correlation of 0.71 between worm burden and faecal egg count for the tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata in domestic horses (Equus ferus caballus). Interestingly, the high abundance of eggs within faecal samples found in black rhino may increase the accuracy of faecal egg counts (Denwood et al 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Host density drives macroparasite abundance across populations of a critically endangered megaherbivore

Stringer

Linklater

2015

Oecologia

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What determines the abundance of parasites is a central question within epidemiology. Epidemiological models predict that density-dependent transmission has a principal influence on parasite abundance. However, this mechanism is seldom tested in macroparasites, perhaps because multiple, comparable populations of the same host-parasite relationship are rare. We test the influence of a range of factors on parasite abundance across 18 populations of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in South Africa. Here we show that host density strongly predicts parasite abundance at the population level for both directly and indirectly transmitted parasites. All other models were not supported. The surprising influence of a single key factor, host density, within a complex ecological system demonstrates the validity of simple epidemiological models. Establishing this previously assumed relationship between host density and parasite abundance has major implications for disease control and parasite ecology. For instance, it is central to the idea of population density thresholds for parasitism, below which a parasite would become extinct. Density-dependent transmission is also essential for calculations of the basic reproductive number, and the hypothesis that parasites may regulate host population size.

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“…Another important difference between these species is that only A. perfoliata has been reported to cause pathological reactions around their attachment site (Fig 1), characterised by hyperaemia, mucosal thickening and necrotic ulcers (Pearson et al 1993;Nilsson et al 1995;Williamson et al 1997;Kjaer et al 2007). Another important difference between these species is that only A. perfoliata has been reported to cause pathological reactions around their attachment site (Fig 1), characterised by hyperaemia, mucosal thickening and necrotic ulcers (Pearson et al 1993;Nilsson et al 1995;Williamson et al 1997;Kjaer et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine tapeworm infections: Disease, diagnosis and control

Nielsen

2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Equine tapeworm infection has gained increasing attention over the past few decades and a number of research studies have already been published. These focus primarily on the most common of the 3 tapeworm species, Anoplocephala perfoliata, although some new information has also been generated for the other two species, Anoplocephala magna and Anoplocephaloides mamillana. The preponderance of research studies have focused on development and validation of diagnostic techniques for tapeworm detection and the role of these parasites in equine gastrointestinal disease. Several diagnostic techniques have been found useful for diagnosis of A. perfoliata but each has its strengths and weaknesses. Egg counting techniques have been modified to achieve acceptable to good diagnostic performance but the trade‐off is often a more time‐consuming method. Validation studies indicate that these methods can reliably detect tapeworm burdens above 10 worms. Several enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed and made commercially available. These can generate useful information about tapeworm exposure on the herd level but are less reliable for individual diagnosis. Unfortunately, none of the available diagnostic techniques are useful for evaluating anthelmintic treatment efficacy. Coproantigen testing may find use as a future diagnostic modality but further characterisation is required. The large body of scientific evidence supports an association between A. perfoliata infection and certain types of equine colic, although some discrepancy exists between studies. Tapeworm surveillance and control should be considered as part of the overall parasite control strategy. When properly used, the currently available diagnostic tools can guide the veterinarian to make strategic decisions regarding tapeworm control.

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Interpretation of serum antibody response toAnoplocephala perfoliatain relation to parasite burden and faecal egg count

Abstract: In the population of Danish horses investigated the serum ELISA test should be interpreted such that horses in need of anti-Anoplocephala treatment have an OD = 0.7 or above.

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Comparison of the sensitivity of coprological methods in detecting Anoplocephala perfoliata invasions

Comparison of the sensitivity of coprological methods in detecting Anoplocephala perfoliata invasions

Host density drives macroparasite abundance across populations of a critically endangered megaherbivore

Equine tapeworm infections: Disease, diagnosis and control

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