Interpretation of heat-flow density in the Central Andes

Springer, M.

doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(99)00067-0

Cited by 128 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The 1‐D thermal model setup using the erosion rates based on our thermochronometric data and the boundary conditions and thermophysical parameters of Springer (1999) reproduces the 2‐D thermal structure of the original study well. A fixed temperature at depth in 1‐D defined by the angle of the subducting Nazca Plate in 2‐D results in a temperature inversion, slight in the CC and stronger in the PC, that mimics the thermal effect of heat being pulled down by a cooler subducting slab (Springer, 1999).…”

Section: Thermal‐kinematic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Thermal and spatial parameters for our model were obtained from Springer (1999) as previously done by Schildgen et al (2009) in southern Peru and where applicable parameters were set to the same value given in the latter study (Table 2). We assigned constant thermophysical parameters and basal temperatures within each physiographic zone (Coastal Cordillera and Precordillera) and defined the depth and basal temperatures for each model space based on the subducting slab geometry of Springer (1999).…”

Section: Thermal‐kinematic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assigned constant thermophysical parameters and basal temperatures within each physiographic zone (Coastal Cordillera and Precordillera) and defined the depth and basal temperatures for each model space based on the subducting slab geometry of Springer (1999). Thus, although our modeling approach is 1‐D, it accounts for long‐wavelength lateral varitations in heat flow near a subduction zone by employing different basal temperatures in the model and hence spatial variability in upper plate thermal gradients as a function of distance from the subduction zone.…”

Section: Thermal‐kinematic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fixed temperature at depth in 1‐D defined by the angle of the subducting Nazca Plate in 2‐D results in a temperature inversion, slight in the CC and stronger in the PC, that mimics the thermal effect of heat being pulled down by a cooler subducting slab (Springer, 1999). Figure 8 demonstrates a range of thermal gradient solutions in the CC and PC based on 0.1 (“slow”) and 1.0 (“fast”) km/Myr exhumation rates in each region, indicating a minimum to maximum estimate of possible gradients in each region.…”

Section: Thermal‐kinematic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depth to the subducting slab (gray dotted lines) is derived from the model results of Springer (1999). All four results display a temperature inversion at depth, and the Precordillera displays an elevated gradient at the surface and records higher present‐day heat flow measurements.…”

Section: Thermal‐kinematic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slow Long‐Term Exhumation of the West Central Andean Plate Boundary, Chile

2018

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We present a regional analysis of new low‐temperature thermochronometer ages from the Central Andean fore arc to provide insights into the exhumation history of the western Andean margin. To derive exhumation rates over 10 million‐year timescales, 38 new apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages were analyzed along six ~500‐km long near‐equal‐elevation, coast parallel, transects in the Coastal Cordillera (CC) and higher‐elevation Precordillera (PC) of the northern Chilean Andes between latitudes 18.5°S and 22.5°S. These transects were augmented with age‐elevation profiles where possible. Results are synthesized with previously published thermochronometric data, corroborating a previously observed trenchward increase in cooling ages in Peru and northern Chile. One‐dimensional thermal‐kinematic modeling of all available multichronometer equal‐elevation samples reveals mean exhumation rates of <0.2 km/Myr since ~50 Ma in the PC and ~100 Ma in the CC. Regression of pseudovertical age‐elevation transects in the CC yields comparable rates of ~0.05 to ~0.12 km/Myr between ~40 and 80 Ma. Differences between the long‐term mean 1‐D rates and shorter‐term age‐elevation‐derived rates indicate low variability in the exhumation history. Modeling results suggest similar background exhumation rates in the CC and PC; younger ages in the PC are largely a function of increased heat flow and consequently an elevated geothermal gradient near the arc. Slow exhumation rates are suggestive of semiarid conditions across the region since at least the Eocene and deformation and development of the Andean fore arc around this time.

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Section: Thermal‐kinematic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Thermal‐kinematic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal‐kinematic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal‐kinematic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal‐kinematic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slow Long‐Term Exhumation of the West Central Andean Plate Boundary, Chile

2018

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How weak is the subduction zone interface?

Duarte

Schellart

Cruden

2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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Several lines of evidence suggest that subduction zones are weak and that the unique availability of water on Earth is a critical factor in the weakening process. We have evaluated the strength of subduction zone interfaces using two approaches: (i) from empirical relationships between shear stress at the interface and subduction velocity, deduced from laboratory experiments; and (ii) from a parametric study of natural subduction zones that provides new insights on subduction zone interface strength. Our results suggest that subduction is only mechanically feasible when shear stresses along the plate interface are relatively low (less than~35 MPa). To account for this requirement, we propose that there is a feedback mechanism between subduction velocity, water released from the subducting plate, and weakening of the fore-arc mantle that may explain how relatively low shear stresses are maintained at subduction interfaces globally.

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Magmatic expressions of continental lithosphere removal

Wang

Currie

2015

JGR Solid Earth

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Gravitational lithosphere removal in continental interior has been inferred from various observations, including anomalous surface deflections and magmatism. We use numerical models and a simplified theoretical analysis to investigate how lithosphere removal can be recognized in the magmatic record. One style of removal is a Rayleigh‐Taylor‐type instability, where removal occurs through dripping. The associated magmatism depends on the lithosphere thermal structure. Four types of magmatism are predicted: (1) For relatively hot lithosphere (e.g., back arcs), the lithosphere can be conductively heated and melted during removal, while the asthenosphere upwells and undergoes decompression melting. If removal causes significant lithospheric thinning, the deep crust may be heated and melted. (2) For moderately warm lithosphere (e.g., average Phanerozoic lithosphere) in which the lithosphere root has a low density, only the lithosphere may melt. (3) If the lithosphere root has a high density in moderately warm lithosphere, only asthenosphere melt is predicted. (4) For cold lithosphere (e.g., cratons), no magmatism is induced. An alternate style of removal is delamination, where dense lithosphere peels along Moho. In most cases, the lithosphere sinks too rapidly to melt. However, asthenosphere can upwell to the base of the crust, resulting in asthenospheric and crustal melts. In delamination, magmatism migrates laterally with the detachment point; in contrast, magmatism in Rayleigh‐Taylor‐type instability has a symmetric shape and converges toward the drip center. The models may explain the diversity of magmatism observed in areas with inferred lithosphere removal, including the Puna Plateau and the southern Sierra Nevada.

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Interpretation of heat-flow density in the Central Andes

Cited by 128 publications

References 71 publications

Slow Long‐Term Exhumation of the West Central Andean Plate Boundary, Chile

Slow Long‐Term Exhumation of the West Central Andean Plate Boundary, Chile

How weak is the subduction zone interface?

Magmatic expressions of continental lithosphere removal

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