Interpretation of "Cost-Effective" and Soundness of Economic Evaluations in the Pharmacy Literature

Lee, Jeff T.; Sanchez, Lisa A.

doi:10.1093/ajhp/48.12.2622

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…To be of greatest value in informing allocation decisions, an economic evaluation must be of high quality. A variety of quality appraisal instruments are currently available for the assessment of the adult literature [9–24]. The majority of these appraise key aspects of economic evaluation, including comparators, perspective, costs, outcomes, discounting, incremental analysis, sensitivity analysis, and conclusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive initial version of the PQAQ was constructed based on published checklists and questionnaires that evaluated the quality‐of‐health economic evaluations [9–24]. These published instruments appraised research published in pharmacy, medical, or health economics journals [12,14–18] or economic studies employing a particular analytic technique, such as cost–benefit analysis (CBA), cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA), or cost‐utility analysis (CUA) [9,11,13,22,24]. In addition to instruments found in peer‐reviewed journals, those available from public agencies and textbooks were reviewed [19,20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas this increases the number of items in a questionnaire, it reduces subjectivity. Related items were grouped together in domains based on established instruments and based on themes emphasized in published guidelines for economic evaluation [9–12,14–20,22–24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pediatric Quality Appraisal Questionnaire: An Instrument for Evaluation of the Pediatric Health Economics Literature

Ungar

Santos

2003

Value in Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pediatric Quality Appraisal Questionnaire: An Instrument for Evaluation of the Pediatric Health Economics Literature

Ungar

Santos

2003

Value in Health

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“…This situation has been documented in three reviews. [4][5][6] Lee and Sanchez 4 evaluated costeffectiveness and cost-benefit analyses published in the pharmacy literature between 1985 and 1990 by using 10 basic criteria proposed by Drummond et al 7 More than 50% of the studies failed to meet seven criteria. Also, 55% of the studies misused the term "cost-effectiveness" by interpreting it to mean cost savings.…”

Section: Disadvantages Of Using the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These guidelines help decisionmakers determine whether the basic elements of a quality study are included in the report being evaluated. The guidelines were used in the literature evaluation by Lee and Sanchez 4 and have formed the basis of other sets of recommendations developed over the years. The guidelines include a majority of the criteria listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Guidelines For Evaluating Pharmacoeconomic Studies In the LImentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Evaluate and Interpret Outcome Studies

Sanchez¹

2000

Pharmacotherapy

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The pharmacoeconomic literature is a vast and powerful source of information for pharmacists and others who must make decisions about services and products. Published studies can provide data quickly and inexpensively, but they may not necessarily meet criteria for quality and may not be generalizable to a specific situation. Guidelines are available that are intended to standardize study methods, minimize potential bias, and increase the comparability and credibility of data. Before relying on a published study, decision‐makers should ensure that it meets criteria related to objective, perspective, pharmacoeconomic method, design, interventions, costs, outcomes, discounting, results, sensitivity analysis, extrapolation from conclusions, and sponsorship. A sound study can be used to support decisions in such diverse areas as individual patient treatment, formulary management, drug‐use guideline development, disease management initiatives, and pharmaceutical service evaluation. A decision‐maker may be able to use the results by applying them at face value, employing a sensitivity analysis, performing a meta‐analysis, incorporating the data into a pharmacoeconomic model, or reproducing the study on a smaller scale. The selection of an application strategy should be based on the potential impact of the decision on the quality and cost of care, with more rigorous and complex strategies reserved for more extreme impacts. Published pharmacoeconomic data can help pharmacists make better and more informed decisions about pharmaceutical services and products.

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Pharmacoeconomics: a Reliable Tool for Decisions on New Medicines?

Chesney

Barazanchi

Billy

et al. 2006

Pharmacy Practice and Res

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Aim:To provide a literature-based review of the reliability of pharmacoeconomics as a tool for decisions on new medicines. Method: Medline and Embase databases were searched. Articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals were selected according to relevance, and bibliographies searched for other relevant articles. All articles were assessed for information and opinions on the use of pharmacoeconomics, methodology and quality of studies, and reliability in decision-making. Results: Over 1000 articles were retrieved and 120 selected for review. The review indicated that, although pharmacoeconomics is increasingly used in decision-making, its methodology is still developing. Methodological guidelines, well-established in some countries, can improve the quality of studies, but there is scope for improvement in adherence to guidelines. To improve confidence in pharmacoeconomics, studies need to be peerreviewed by experts before publication. Bias, unintentional or otherwise, can be found in all types of economic analysis and needs to be considered. To avoid bias, methodological guidelines should be closely adhered to, and all financial interests and sources of funding disclosed. There is a need to educate users to understand economic analysis, recognise any inherent bias, and assess the quality of the studies they intend to use. Conclusion: Providing methodological guidelines are followed, methodology is transparent, and bias is minimised, pharmacoeconomics can be a reliable tool to assist in decisions on the introduction of new medicines.

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Interpretation of "Cost-Effective" and Soundness of Economic Evaluations in the Pharmacy Literature

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

The Pediatric Quality Appraisal Questionnaire: An Instrument for Evaluation of the Pediatric Health Economics Literature

The Pediatric Quality Appraisal Questionnaire: An Instrument for Evaluation of the Pediatric Health Economics Literature

How to Evaluate and Interpret Outcome Studies

Pharmacoeconomics: a Reliable Tool for Decisions on New Medicines?

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