Interpretation of 1992–1994 Gravity Changes around Mayon Volcano, Philippines, Using Point Sources

Camacho, A. G.; Fernández, José; Charco, María; Tiampo, K. F.; Jentzsch, G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8417-3_7

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Moreover, the equilibrium between plagioclase and orthopyroxene in Type 3 glomerocrysts also suggests mid-crustal to shallower conditions (< 6-8 km), where H 2 O contents are low enough (< 4 wt%) to allow significant plagioclase crystallization (Moore and Carmichael 1998). Our geobarometry results do not match the locations of inferred gravity anomalies in the shallow system (6-8 km depth) (Camacho et al 2007;Vajda et al 2012). This may reflect the uncertainties in the geobarometry method and/or the geophysical approaches.…”

Section: The Plumbing System and Associated Magmatic Processesmentioning

confidence: 59%

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A petrological and conceptual model of Mayon volcano (Philippines) as an example of an open-vent volcano

Ruth

Costa

2021

Bull Volcanol

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Mayon is a basaltic andesitic, open-vent volcano characterized by persistent passive degassing from the summit at 2463 m above sea level. Mid-size (< 0.1 km3) and mildly explosive eruptions and occasional phreatic eruptions have occurred approximately every 10 years for over a hundred years. Mayon’s plumbing system structure, processes, and time scales driving its eruptions are still not well-known, despite being the most active volcano in the Philippines. We investigated the petrology and geochemistry of its crystal-rich lavas (~ 50 vol% phenocrysts) from nine historical eruptions between 1928 and 2009 and propose a conceptual model of the processes and magmatic architecture that led to the eruptions. The whole-rock geochemistry and mineral assemblage (plagioclase + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + Fe-Ti oxide ± olivine) of the lavas have remained remarkably homogenous (54 wt% SiO2, ~ 4 wt% MgO) from 1928 to 2009. However, electron microscope images and microprobe analyses of the phenocrysts and the existence of three types of glomerocrysts testify to a range of magmatic processes, including long-term magma residence, magma mixing, crystallization, volatile fluxing, and degassing. Multiple mineral-melt geothermobarometers suggest a relatively thermally buffered system at 1050 ± 25 °C, with several magma residence zones, ranging from close to the surface, through reservoirs at ~ 4–5 km, and as deep as ~ 20 km. Diffusion chronometry on > 200 orthopyroxene crystals reveal magma mixing timescales that range from a few days to about 65 years, but the majority are shorter than the decadal inter-eruptive repose period. This implies that magma intrusion at Mayon has been nearly continuous over the studied time period, with limited crystal recycling from one eruption to the next. The variety of plagioclase textures and zoning patterns reflect fluxing of volatiles from depth to shallower melts through which they eventually reach the atmosphere through an open conduit. The crystal-rich nature of the erupted magmas may have developed during each inter-eruptive period. We propose that Mayon has behaved over almost 100 years as a steady state system, with limited variations in eruption frequency, degassing flux, magma composition, and crystal content that are mainly determined by the amount and composition of deep magma and volatile input in the system. We explore how Mayon volcano’s processes and working model can be related to other open-vent mafic and water-rich systems such as Etna, Stromboli, Villarrica, or Llaima. Finally, our understanding of open-vent, persistently active volcanoes is rooted in historical observations, but volcano behavior can evolve over longer time frames. We speculate that these volcanoes produce specific plagioclase textures that can be used to identify similar volcanic behavior in the geologic record.

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Section: The Plumbing System and Associated Magmatic Processesmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Our understanding of the Mayon plumbing system is partly based on geophysical datasets. Gravity and tilt data suggest magma is stored at 4-5 km below sea level, which corresponds to ~ 6-8 km below the summit (Camacho et al 2007;Vajda et al 2012;D. Hidayat personal communication).…”

Section: Geologic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A petrological and conceptual model of Mayon volcano (Philippines) as an example of an open-vent volcano

Ruth

Costa

2021

Bull Volcanol

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“…With this continuous gravity data, seismic data, and petrological evidence, scientists were able to deduce that the mechanism for this flank eruption was a dry fault opening in the volcanic edifice, which then created a path for magma to erupt at the surface (Carbone et al, 2007). Studies at Campi Flegrei, Mayasa, and Merapi have also used gravity to monitor volcanic activity (Jousset et al, 2000;Gottsmann et al, 2003;Camacho et al, 2007;Battaglia et al, 2008;Williams-Jones et al, 2003, 2008. At Kilauea, work by Daniel Johnson suggested that long-term subsidence at the summit may be due to deflation of magma bodies through gas release.…”

Section: Fall 2011 26mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Modeling to Assess and Improve Gravity Network Geometry at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i

MacQueen¹

2011

OURJ

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Scientists have been using campaign gravity surveys to monitor volcanic activity at Kilauea's summit for decades, yet we have a poor understanding of the ability of the existing network to resolve sources of magma accumulation with different mass changes and depths. We also do not yet have a fully quantified measure of the relative importance of the stations in the network. This research tests the network using a simple forward modeling approach over a range of likely source volumes and depths. The analysis determines network sensitivity to three different likely source locations, calculates the relative importance of stations in the network, and examines the problem of signal distortion imposed by network geometry. This work finds that the current network is least sensitive to south caldera sources, and investigates the location and number of stations that will resolve this problem most effectively.

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Interpretation of 1992–1994 Gravity Changes around Mayon Volcano, Philippines, Using Point Sources

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

A petrological and conceptual model of Mayon volcano (Philippines) as an example of an open-vent volcano

A petrological and conceptual model of Mayon volcano (Philippines) as an example of an open-vent volcano

Forward Modeling to Assess and Improve Gravity Network Geometry at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i

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