“…The loss of long segment of the upper ureter, when end-to-end anastomosis is not technically feasible, presents a challenge to the urological surgeon. Autotransplantation is often the preferred treatment [ 28 ]. Other possible techniques used for ureteral reconstruction include psoas hitch, Boari flap, or a combination of both, ileal interposition, transureteroureterostomy, permanent nephrostomy, appendix or colon interposition, renal descensus, ureterocalicostomy, and pyeloureterostomy plus greater omentum investment outside the avulsed ureter, and the last easiest way is to perform nephrectomy [ 4 , 6 , 14 , 15 , 23 , 28 , 29 ].…”