Interpopulation variation in pollinators and floral scent of the lady’s-slipper orchid Cypripedium calceolus L.

Braunschmid, Herbert; Mükisch, Bernadette; Rupp, Thomas; Schäffler, Irmgard; Zito, Pietro; Birtele, D.; Dötterl, Stefan

doi:10.1007/s11829-017-9512-x

Cited by 27 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…a/b-pinene, b-myrcene and b-phellandrene) (St€ okl et al, 2011;Jin et al, 2014). In previous studies of the volatile profile of Cypripedium species (Nilsson, 1979;Bergstrom et al, 1992;Barkman et al, 1997;Li et al, 2006Li et al, , 2008aRen et al, 2011;Zheng et al, 2011), only a small amount of (E)-b-farnesene was detected in C. calceolus flowers, but it is not a dominant component (Braunschmid et al, 2017). The divergence of the volatile profile may enable C. subtropicum to adapt to hoverflies for pollination in dense subtropical forests.…”

Section: New Phytologistmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cypripedium subtropicum (Orchidaceae) employs aphid colony mimicry to attract hoverfly (Syrphidae) pollinators

et al. 2020

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In Orchidaceae, pollination is mostly animal-mediated, and one-third of species have evolved a deceptive pollination mechanism without rewards. Cypripedium is a representative lineage of nonrewarding orchids restricted to temperate regions. Cypripedium subtropicum flowers are pollinated by hoverflies and have hairy tufts that visually resemble an aphid colony covered with honey dew. We recorded the behavior of hoverflies on the flowers, determined the breeding system of the species and the structure of hairy tufts, and investigated the roles of hairy tufts and floral volatiles in this specialized pollination by using pollination experiments, scanning electron microscopy, bioassays and chemical analyses. The white hairy tufts covering the sidelobes of the labellum provide edible rewards and serve as crucial visual lures for hoverflies. The flowers emit primarily (E)-b-farnesene and a smaller amount of b-pinene that were found to attract hoverflies. Our results suggest that C. subtropicum uses both visual mimicry of an aphid-colonized labellum with a reward and chemical mimicry of aphid alarm pheromones to attract hoverflies for pollination. This is the first described example of a rewarding mimicry system in plants, where the models are animals with their secretions and the reward is similar in nutrients to that of the model mimicked.

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Section: New Phytologistmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cypripedium subtropicum (Orchidaceae) employs aphid colony mimicry to attract hoverfly (Syrphidae) pollinators

et al. 2020

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“…We considered a floral scent compound attractive when it was reported in the literature as eliciting positive bee and/or hawkmoth behaviour. secr – Petunia secreta ; inte – P. integrifolia ; axil – P. axillaris ; exse – P. exserta ; ✓– compound described as attractive for; NA – not available; References: 1 - Braunschmid et al, 2017 ; 2 - Carril, 2014 ; 3 - Cordeiro et al , 2017 ; 4 - Dötterl and Vereecken, 2010 ; 5 - Dudareva and Pichersky, 2006 ; 6 - Filella et al , 2011 ; 7 - Goodrich et al , 2006 ; 8 - Haverkamp et al , 2016 ; 9 - Hetherington-Rauth and Ramírez, 2016 ; 10 - Hoballah et al , 2007 ; 11 - Johnson et al , 2005 ; 12 - Knudsen and Tollsten, 1993 ; 13 - Knudsen et al , 2006 ; 14 - Levin et al , 2001 ; 15 - Pham-Delègue et al , 1992 ; 16 - Raguso, 2004 ; 17 – Raguso and Light, 2003 ; 18 – Raguso et al , 1996 ; 19 - Teichert et al , 2012 ; 20 - Vega et al , 2009 ; 21 - Wadhams et al , 1994 ; 22 - Wiens et al , 2008 ; 23 - Williams and Whitten, 1983 ; 24 - Wright et al , 2008 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do we truly understand pollination syndromes in Petunia as much as we suppose?

et al. 2018

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Petunia is endemic to South America grasslands; member of this genus exhibit variation in flower colour and shape, attracting bees, hawkmoths or hummingbirds. This group of plants is thus an excellent model system for evolutionary studies of diversification associated with pollinator shifts. Our aims were to identify the legitimate pollinator of Petunia secreta, a rare and endemic species, and to assess the importance of floral traits in pollinator attraction in this Petunia species. To determine the legitimate pollinator, field observations were conducted, and all floral visitors were recorded and evaluated. We also measured the nectar volume and sugar concentration. To characterize morphological cues for pollinators, we assessed the ultraviolet (UV)-light response in detached flowers, and characterized the floral pigments and pollen volatile scents for four different Petunia species that present different pollination syndromes. Petunia secreta shares the most recent ancestor with a white hawkmoth-pollinated species, P. axillaris, but presents flavonols and anthocyanin pigments responsible for the pink corolla colour and UV-light responses that are common to bee-pollinated Petunia species. Our study showed that a solitary bee in the genus Pseudagapostemon was the most frequent pollinator of P. secreta, and these bees collect only pollen as a reward. Despite being mainly bee-pollinated, different functional groups of pollinators visit P. secreta. Nectar volume, sugar concentration per flower, morphology and components of pollen scent would appear to be attractive to several different pollinator groups. Notably, the corolla includes a narrow tube with nectar at its base that cannot be reached by Pseudagapostemon, and flowers of P. secreta appear to follow an evolutionary transition, with traits attractive to several functional groups of pollinators. Additionally, the present study shows that differences in the volatiles of pollen scent are relevant for plant mutualistic and antagonist interactions in Petunia species and that pollen scent profile plays a key role in characterizing pollination syndromes.

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“…Instead, they have developed alternative mechanisms based on deception (Ackerman, 1986; Jersáková et al, 2006; Schiestl and Schlüter, 2009; Johnson and Schiestl, 2016). Some of these mechanisms target generalist pollinators, e.g., food deception, where orchids attract pollinators by advertising floral cues that resemble those from rewarding plants (Salzmann et al, 2007; Braunschmid et al, 2017). On the other hand, orchids have also developed mechanisms such as sexual deception to attract highly specialized pollinators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phylogenomic Analysis of the Floral Transcriptomes of Sexually Deceptive and Rewarding European Orchids, Ophrys and Gymnadenia

et al. 2019

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The orchids (Orchidaceae) constitute one of the largest and most diverse families of flowering plants. They have evolved a great variety of adaptations to achieve pollination by a diverse group of pollinators. Many orchids reward their pollinators, typically with nectar, but the family is also well-known for employing deceptive pollination strategies in which there is no reward for the pollinator, in the most extreme case by mimicking sexual signals of pollinators. In the European flora, two examples of these different pollination strategies are the sexually deceptive genus Ophrys and the rewarding genus Gymnadenia, which differ in their level of pollinator specialization; Ophrys is typically pollinated by pseudo-copulation of males of a single insect species, whilst Gymnadenia attracts a broad range of floral visitors. Here, we present and describe the annotated floral transcriptome of Ophrys iricolor, an Andrena-pollinated representative of the genus Ophrys that is widespread throughout the Aegean. Furthermore, we present additional floral transcriptomes of both sexually deceptive and rewarding orchids, specifically the deceptive Ophrys insectifera, Ophrys aymoninii, and an updated floral transcriptome of Ophrys sphegodes, as well as the floral transcriptomes of the rewarding orchids Gymnadenia conopsea, Gymnadenia densiflora, Gymnadenia odoratissima, and Gymnadenia rhellicani (syn. Nigritella rhellicani). Comparisons of these novel floral transcriptomes reveal few annotation differences between deceptive and rewarding orchids. Since together, these transcriptomes provide a representative sample of the genus-wide taxonomic diversity within Ophrys and Gymnadenia (Orchidoideae: Orchidinae), we employ a phylogenomic approach to address open questions of phylogenetic relationships within the genera. Specifically, this includes the controversial placement of O. insectifera within the Ophrys phylogeny and the placement of “Nigritella”-type morphologies within the phylogeny of Gymnadenia. Whereas in Gymnadenia, several conflicting topologies are supported by a similar number of gene trees, a majority of Ophrys gene topologies clearly supports a placement of O. insectifera as sister to a clade containing O. sphegodes.

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Interpopulation variation in pollinators and floral scent of the lady’s-slipper orchid Cypripedium calceolus L.

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Cypripedium subtropicum (Orchidaceae) employs aphid colony mimicry to attract hoverfly (Syrphidae) pollinators

Cypripedium subtropicum (Orchidaceae) employs aphid colony mimicry to attract hoverfly (Syrphidae) pollinators

Do we truly understand pollination syndromes in Petunia as much as we suppose?

A Phylogenomic Analysis of the Floral Transcriptomes of Sexually Deceptive and Rewarding European Orchids, Ophrys and Gymnadenia

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