Interpolation by regularized spline with tension: II. Application to terrain modeling and surface geometry analysis

Mitášová, Helena; Hofierka, Jaroslav

doi:10.1007/bf00893172

Cited by 299 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Here, we consider two common types of curvature, with the following definitions: (1) total curvature (C Total ) -the curvature of a surface calculated in two dimensions (Evans, 1980;Zevenbergen and Thorne, 1987;Moore et al, 1991) -and (2) tangential curvature (C Tan ) -the curvature calculated normal to the slope gradient (Mitášová and Hofierka, 1993). These two measures are employed to extract hilltop curvature and channel networks, respectively.…”

Section: Measuring Curvature From Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

How does grid-resolution modulate the topographic expression of geomorphic processes?

et al. 2016

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Abstract. In many locations, our ability to study the processes which shape the Earth are greatly enhanced through the use of high-resolution digital topographic data. However, although the availability of such datasets has markedly increased in recent years, many locations of significant geomorphic interest still do not have highresolution topographic data available. Here, we aim to constrain how well we can understand surface processes through topographic analysis performed on lower-resolution data. We generate digital elevation models from point clouds at a range of grid resolutions from 1 to 30 m, which covers the range of widely used data resolutions available globally, at three locations in the United States. Using these data, the relationship between curvature and grid resolution is explored, alongside the estimation of the hillslope sediment transport coefficient (D, in m 2 yr −1 ) for each landscape. Curvature, and consequently D, values are shown to be generally insensitive to grid resolution, particularly in landscapes with broad hilltops and valleys. Curvature distributions, however, become increasingly condensed around the mean, and theoretical considerations suggest caution should be used when extracting curvature from landscapes with sharp ridges. The sensitivity of curvature and topographic gradient to grid resolution are also explored through analysis of one-dimensional approximations of curvature and gradient, providing a theoretical basis for the results generated using two-dimensional topographic data. Two methods of extracting channels from topographic data are tested. A geometric method of channel extraction that finds channels by detecting threshold values of planform curvature is shown to perform well at resolutions up to 30 m in all three landscapes. The landscape parameters of hillslope length and relief are both successfully extracted at the same range of resolutions. These parameters can be used to detect landscape transience and our results suggest that such work need not be confined to high-resolution topographic data. A synthesis of the results presented in this work indicates that although high-resolution (e.g., 1 m) topographic data do yield exciting possibilities for geomorphic research, many key parameters can be understood in lower-resolution data, given careful consideration of how analyses are performed.

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Section: Measuring Curvature From Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

How does grid-resolution modulate the topographic expression of geomorphic processes?

et al. 2016

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“…The equations for computation of these parameters and their interpretation are fully described in Mitášová & Mitáš (1993) and Mitášová & Hofierka (1993). Slope angles are computed in degrees (0-90).…”

Section: Elevation Slope and Drainage Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary fault activity in the Western Carpathians: evidence from the Vikartovce Fault (Slovakia)

Vojtko¹,

Marko²,

Preusser³

et al. 2011

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:The Cenozoic structure of the Western Carpathians is strongly controlled by faults. The E-W striking Vikartovce fault is one of the most distinctive dislocations in the region, evident by its geological structure and terrain morphology. This feature has been assumed to be a Quaternary reactivated fault according to many attributes such as its perfect linearity, faceted slopes, the distribution of travertines along the fault, and also its apparent prominent influence on the drainage network. The neotectonic character of the fault is documented herein by morphotectonic studies, longitudinal and transverse valley profile analyses, terrace system analysis, and mountain front sinuosity. Late Pleistocene activity of the Vikartovce fault is now proven by luminescence dating of fault-cut and uplifted alluvial sediments, presently located on the crest of the tilted block. These sediments must slightly pre-date the age of river redirection. Considering the results of both luminescence dating and palynological analyses, the change of river course probably occurred during the final phase of the Riss Glaciation (135 ± 14 ka). The normal displacement along the fault during the Late Quaternary has been estimated to about 105-135 m, resulting in an average slip rate of at least 0.8-1.0 mm · yr -1 . The present results identify the Vikartovce fault as one of the youngest active faults in the Central Western Carpathians.

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“…Where xx f and yy f indicate the second-order derivatives of elevations for the directions of x and y in a basin of interest [27,28]. When modeling Laplace curvature, Evans [29] and Mitášová and Hofierka [28] indicated that a large concave-up curvature or a negative curvature is considered to be correlated with locations that fall within the valley network.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Slope Of Preexisting Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When modeling Laplace curvature, Evans [29] and Mitášová and Hofierka [28] indicated that a large concave-up curvature or a negative curvature is considered to be correlated with locations that fall within the valley network. A convex-up or a positive curvature, on the other hand, is considered to be associated with smooth regions produced by hillslope processes.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Slope Of Preexisting Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Classification of Channel Network Types for Intermittent Streams in the United Arab Emirates and Oman

Tbmj¹

2015

J Civil Environ Eng

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The mountainous region in the north of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman features intermittent streams called wadis which are generally dry but flow seasonally or temporarily. This region is characterized by high peaks and carbonate rocks. The main objective of the present study is to identify drainage network types for fifteen wadis in this northern region of the UAE and Oman. The slope of preexisting surfaces (preexisting slope) is also estimated to determine whether the preexisting slope affects the development of wadi networks. Drainage network types are determined by using three scaling-invariance measures: the drainage area increments, the channel course irregularity, and the tributary junction angle. The slope of preexisting surfaces is estimated based on small drainage areas and Laplace curvatures that are close to zero. In this study, thirteen wadis are classified as rectangular networks and two wadis are classified as parallel networks. Parallel networks are found to occur on steep preexisting slopes similarly to other regions in the world. Rectangular networks are also found to develop on steep preexisting slopes, whereas in other locations, such as in the USA, the same network type occurs on gentle preexisting slopes. This indicates that the development of rectangular networks in the region may be unaffected by preexisting slopes.

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Interpolation by regularized spline with tension: II. Application to terrain modeling and surface geometry analysis

Cited by 299 publications

References 8 publications

How does grid-resolution modulate the topographic expression of geomorphic processes?

How does grid-resolution modulate the topographic expression of geomorphic processes?

Late Quaternary fault activity in the Western Carpathians: evidence from the Vikartovce Fault (Slovakia)

Analysis and Classification of Channel Network Types for Intermittent Streams in the United Arab Emirates and Oman

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