Interplay of Good Bacteria and Central Nervous System: Cognitive Aspects and Mechanistic Considerations

Salami, Mahmoud

doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.613120

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 384 publications

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“…Specific Lactobacillus strains are believed to be psychobiotics, that is they can modulate behavior, affect cognitive brain function, and influence learning and memory processes. The mechanisms involved in probiotic-dependent regulation of the neural processes include production of neurotransmitter, neuromodulators and antioxidants [ 27 , 87 , 88 , 89 ]. Moreover, probiotics were shown to change the expression of neurotransmitter receptors in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Probiotics on Cognitive and Motor Functions, Anxiety Level, Visceral Sensitivity, Oxidative Stress and Microbiota in Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis

Arslanova

Tarasova

Alexandrova

et al. 2021

Life

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Accumulating clinical and preclinical data indicate a prominent role of gut microbiota in regulation of physiological functions. The gut–brain axis imbalance due to gut dysbiosis is associated with a range of neurodegenerative diseases. Probiotics were suggested not only to restore intestinal dysbiosis but also modulate stress response and improve mood and anxiety symptoms. In this study, we assessed the effects of probiotic lactobacilli on behavioral reactions, the level of oxidative stress and microbiota content in mice administered to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Our study demonstrates that antibiotic treatment of adolescent mice for two weeks resulted in higher mortality and lower weight gain and induced significant changes in behavior including lower locomotor and exploratory activity, reduced muscle strength, visceral hypersensitivity, higher level of anxiety and impaired cognitive functions compared to the control group. These changes were accompanied by decreased diversity and total amount of bacteria, abundance of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia phyla, and reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio in the gut microbiota. Moreover, a higher level of oxidative stress was found in brain and skeletal muscle tissues of mice treated with antibiotics. Oral administration of two Lactobacillus strains prevented the observed changes and improved not only microbiota content but also the behavioral alterations, suggesting a neuroprotective and antioxidant role of probiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Probiotics on Cognitive and Motor Functions, Anxiety Level, Visceral Sensitivity, Oxidative Stress and Microbiota in Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis

Arslanova

Tarasova

Alexandrova

et al. 2021

Life

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“…The second group of TLRs (3,(7)(8)(9), which reside in intracellular compartments (e.g., endosomes and lysosomes), detects MAMPs in the nucleic acids deriving from bacterial and viral pathogens. TLRs 3, 7, 8 are able to recognize different types of RNAs from viruses but TLR9 recognizes the unmethylated CpG-containing DNA of a bacterial and viral origin [81] (Figure 2).…”

Section: Activation Of the Immune Response Of Tlrs By Microbiota-derived Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have demonstrated participation in gut-brain communication on different pathways such as the autonomic nervous system, endocrine routes, the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis and the immune system [7]. However, new evidence reveals the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from microbiota species including bacteria, which can modulate the immune and neuroimmune response of host cells [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Gut-Brain Communication

Cuesta

Guerri

Ureña

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Human intestinal microbiota comprise of a dynamic population of bacterial species and other microorganisms with the capacity to interact with the rest of the organism and strongly influence the host during homeostasis and disease. Commensal and pathogenic bacteria coexist in homeostasis with the intestinal epithelium and the gastrointestinal tract’s immune system, or GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue), of the host. However, a disruption to this homeostasis or dysbiosis by different factors (e.g., stress, diet, use of antibiotics, age, inflammatory processes) can cause brain dysfunction given the communication between the gut and brain. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bacteria have emerged as possible carriers in gut-brain communication through the interaction of their vesicle components with immune receptors, which lead to neuroinflammatory immune response activation. This review discusses the critical role of bacterial EVs from the gut in the neuropathology of brain dysfunctions by modulating the immune response. These vesicles, which contain harmful bacterial EV contents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycans, toxins and nucleic acids, are capable of crossing tissue barriers including the blood-brain barrier and interacting with the immune receptors of glial cells (e.g., Toll-like receptors) to lead to the production of cytokines and inflammatory mediators, which can cause brain impairment and behavioral dysfunctions.

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“…In an in vivo model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Hsiao et al, [149] indicated that Bacteroides fragilis administration counteracted the alterations in gut permeability and ameliorated ASD symptoms [159]. Further studies on animals showed that probiotic administration (i.e., Lactobacillus plantarum, L. rhamnosus, B. longum) can have anti-anxiolytic and antidepressant effects and modify cognitive activity [160].…”

Section: Probiotics Interventions In Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are We What We Eat? Impact of Diet on the Gut–Brain Axis in Parkinson’s Disease

Alfonsetti

Castelli

2022

Nutrients

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Parkinson’s disease is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, such as defects in the gut function, which may occur before the motor symptoms. To date, there are therapies that can improve these symptoms, but there is no cure to avoid the development or exacerbation of this disorder. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota could have a crucial role in the gut–brain axis, which is a bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Diet can affect the microbiota composition, impacting gut–brain axis functionality. Gut microbiome restoration through probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics or other dietary means could have the potential to slow PD progression. In this review, we will discuss the influence of diet on the bidirectional communication between gut and brain, thus supporting the hypothesis that this disorder could begin in the gut. We also focus on how food-based therapies might then have an influence on PD and could ameliorate non-motor as well as motor symptoms.

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Interplay of Good Bacteria and Central Nervous System: Cognitive Aspects and Mechanistic Considerations

Cited by 40 publications

References 384 publications

Protective Effects of Probiotics on Cognitive and Motor Functions, Anxiety Level, Visceral Sensitivity, Oxidative Stress and Microbiota in Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis

Protective Effects of Probiotics on Cognitive and Motor Functions, Anxiety Level, Visceral Sensitivity, Oxidative Stress and Microbiota in Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis

Role of Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Gut-Brain Communication

Are We What We Eat? Impact of Diet on the Gut–Brain Axis in Parkinson’s Disease

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