Interplay of fluvial incision and rockfalls in shaping periglacial mountain gorges

Fluvial bedrock gorges as markers for Late-Quaternary tectonic and climatic forcing in the Southwestern Alps

“…J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f High Verdon (2), Redebraus (3), Bévéra (4) and the Bendola (5) gorges from this study (white wider circles) and previously dated sites from literature (black circles): (6) Clue de Barles (Cardinal et al, 2021); ( 7) Estéron (Petit et al, 2019); (8) Courbaisse (Rolland et al, 2017); J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f (9) Vésubie (Saillard et al, 2014). The grey area shows the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) glacier extent (modified from Brisset et al, 2015).…”

“…Although we strived to collect sample as close to the river bed as possible, as it has been done in the Redebraus and Bendola Gorges (Figure 3D, E and 4B), stream depth and strong currents have sometimes prevented us from reaching the lower part of the gorge. The selected profiles are also shorter than 15 m to avoid any influence of potential rock-falls, which may cause the rejuvenation of the gorge wall surface, as demonstrated by Cardinal et al (2021). Samples were gathered using a drill, hammer and chisel.…”

“…In order to interpret our data in a more regional framework, we propose here a compilation of CRE dating studies that have been previously carried out on bedrock gorges and valleys at the scale of the SW Alps (Saillard et al, 2014;Rolland et al, 2017;Petit et al, 2019;Cardinal et al, 2021; Figure 1). In order to compare the results with our data, we recomputed the previously estimated incision rates with the same method as in this study (Figure 6).…”

“…These five sites where chosen to complement the previously-acquired CRE dating dataset in foreland catchments disconnected from LGM iceextent (e.g. Petit et al, 2019;Cardinal et al, 2021), in order to document incision rates at the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f scale of the entire SW Alps. To quantify incision rates, we dated fluvially-polished limestone bedrock gorges with in situ-produced 36 Cl.…”

Adaptive And Reliable GPS Uncertain Position Estimation an Insightful Oceanography and Geography Applications

“…At a given epoch of time the signals the transmitted time from all the visible satellites is same [26]. The only difference between the signals is the clock error in each satellite [27].…”