Interplay between structural, chemical, and spectroscopic properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Ag</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>111</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>epitaxial ultrathin films: A way to tune the Rashba coupling

Cercellier, H.; Didiot, Clément; Fagot‐Revurat, Y.; Kierren, B.; Moreau, Luc; Malterre, D.; Reinert, F.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.73.195413

Cited by 127 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Sizable downward shifts are typically observed in alkali-metal-or Al-covered Cu(111), but it is unusual for 300 K. 7 With respect to thin films deposited on (111)-oriented noble-metal surfaces, they smoothly evolve as a function of film thickness from the bare substrate energy to that of the growing material. A typical example is Ag/Au(111), 17,18 where the position of the surface state varies exponentially toward the Ag(111) surface state energy. In particular, for 1 ML Ag/Au(111) the binding energy is found halfway between those of surface states in Au(111) and Ag(111).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying the Cu(111) Shockley surface state by Au alloying

et al. 2012

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The deposition of submonolayer amounts of Au onto Cu(111) results in a Au-Cu surface alloy with temperatureand thickness-dependent stoichiometry. Upon alloying, the characteristic Shockley state of Cu (111) is modified, shifting to 0.53 eV binding energy for a particular surface Au 2 Cu concentration, which is a very high binding energy for a noble-metal surface. Based on a phase accumulation model analysis, we discuss how this unusually large shift is likely reflecting an effective increase in the topmost layer thickness of the order of, but smaller than, the value expected from the moiré undulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying the Cu(111) Shockley surface state by Au alloying

et al. 2012

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“…In this case the symmetry is broken by the presence of the AlOx on one side of the Co layer, and of the heavy Pt atoms on the other [19,20]. We will emphasize the importance of the spin-flip interaction to spin torque by comparing results from these samples with those for samples fabricated from a symmetric Pt3nm/ Co0.6nm/Pt3nm layer [21], where a much smaller spin-flip rate is expected.…”

Section: ∼10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Domain Wall Spin Torquemeter

et al. 2009

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We report the direct measurement of the non-adiabatic component of the spin-torque in domain walls. Our method is independent of both the pinning of the domain wall in the wire as well as of the Gilbert damping parameter. We demonstrate that the ratio between the non-adiabatic and the adiabatic components can be as high as 1, and explain this high value by the importance of the spin-flip rate to the non-adiabatic torque. Besides their fundamental significance these results open the way for applications by demonstrating a significant increase of the spin torque efficiency.

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“…(2), cannot explain our findings for a surface alloy. It was shown that the Rashba parameter R of the L-gap surface state of a Ag x Au 1ÿx alloy depends linearly on the concentration x, as in the virtual crystal approximation [6]. Hence, one is tempted to conclude that R is essentially determined by the number of heavy atoms (here Au, Z 79) probed by the surface state.…”

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Giant Spin Splitting through Surface Alloying

et al. 2007

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The long-range ordered surface alloy Bi=Ag 111 is found to exhibit a giant spin splitting of its surface electronic structure due to spin-orbit coupling, as is determined by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. First-principles electronic structure calculations fully confirm the experimental findings. The effect is brought about by a strong in-plane gradient of the crystal potential in the surface layer, in interplay with the structural asymmetry due to the surface-potential barrier. As a result, the spin polarization of the surface states is considerably rotated out of the surface plane. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.186807 PACS numbers: 73.20.At, 71.70.Ej, 79.60.ÿi In nonmagnetic solids, electronic states of opposite spin orientation are often implicitly taken to be degenerate (Kramers' degeneracy). However, spin degeneracy is a consequence of both time-reversal and inversion symmetry. If one of the latter is broken, the degeneracy can be lifted by, e.g., the spin-orbit (SO) interaction. This is, for example, the case in crystals that lack a center of inversion in the bulk (Dresselhaus effect) [1,2]. But also a structural inversion asymmetry, as it shows up at surfaces or interfaces, can lead to spin-split electronic states [RashbaBychkov (RB) effect] [3]. In particular, clean surfaces of noble metals show spin-split surface states, where the splitting increases with the strength of the atomic SO coupling (cf. Ag and Au in Table I). The splitting can be further enhanced by adsorption of adatoms [9][10][11][12]. Hence, using morphology and chemistry to tune the spin splitting of twodimensional electronic states is a promising path to create a new class of nanoscale structures suitable for spintronic devices. Doping GaAs by only a few percent with Bi atoms has been shown to strongly increase the spin-orbit splitting energy 0 [13]. However, a value for the Rashba-Bychkov type spin splitting has not been reported.The Au(111) L-gap surface state is the paradigm of a Rashba-Bychkov system with a spin splitting of a few tens of meV, that was investigated in detail by means of spinand angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) [14]. The nonrelativistic Hamilton operator of the spinorbit interaction,can be expressed for a two-dimensional gas of free electrons (in the xy plane) asin which the Rashba parameter R is essentially determined by the gradient of the potential V in z direction,and is the vector of Pauli matrices. This model reproduces remarkably well the very characteristic dispersion of the spin-split surface-state bands of Au(111). The spin polarizations P of the split and completely polarized (jPj 100%) electronic states lie axially symmetric within the surface plane (P ? k k ? e z ). Time-reversal symmetry requires P k k ÿP ÿk k and E k k E ÿk k . The two main contributions to the spin splitting are a strong atomic SO interaction and a potential gradient along the surface normal (z direction). By adsorption of noble gases and oxygen, the spin splitting was successfully enhanced by increasing ...

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Interplay between structural, chemical, and spectroscopic properties ofAg∕Au(111)epitaxial ultrathin films: A way to tune the Rashba coupling

Cited by 127 publications

References 70 publications

Modifying the Cu(111) Shockley surface state by Au alloying

Modifying the Cu(111) Shockley surface state by Au alloying

Domain Wall Spin Torquemeter

Giant Spin Splitting through Surface Alloying

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